A battery electric bus energy consumption model for strategic purposes: Validation of a proposed model structure with data from bus fleets in China and Norway. (May 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hjelkrem, Odd André; Lervåg, Karl Yngve; Babri, Sahar; Lu, Chaoru; Södersten, Carl-Johan
• Is Part Of: Transportation research. Volume 94(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-05
• Subjects: Battery electric bus -- Energy consumption model -- Vehicle dynamics -- Sparse data -- Auxiliary load; Transportation -- Research -- Periodicals; Transportation -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; 354.76
• DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2021.102804
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1361-9209

Abstract

Highlights: Electric bus energy consumption model considering limited input requirements. A comprehensive model of auxiliary systems is integrated into the energy consumption model. Datasets from China and Norway are used to develop and validate the model to show its applicability. The proposed model can deliver reasonable results targeting planning purposes. Abstract: In this paper, an energy model for battery electric buses (Ebus) is proposed. The model is developed based on established models for longitudinal dynamics, using event-based low-frequency data. Since the energy model is able to provide relatively accurate estimation of Ebus energy consumption with limited input requirements, it can be easily applied for future bus route planning. In addition, we have introduced a comprehensive model of the auxiliary systems, which contributes significantly to the total energy consumption ofa bus. The model for auxiliary systems includes heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and other electrical components. To evaluate the model, data was collected from 3266 trips with Ebuses operated in China and Norway. The results show that the model is able to predict the energy consumption on a trip level comparison.