Microalgae as sustainable food and feed sources for animals and humans – Biotechnological and environmental aspects. (May 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kusmayadi, Adi; Leong, Yoong Kit; Yen, Hong-Wei; Huang, Chi-Yu; Chang, Jo-Shu
• Is Part Of: Chemosphere. Volume 271(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-05
• Subjects: Microalgae -- Nutritional compounds -- Food security -- Animal feed -- Human food; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Environmental sciences -- Periodicals; Atmospheric chemistry -- Periodicals; 551.511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129800
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0045-6535

Abstract

Abstract: Offering a potential solution for global food security and mitigating environmental issues caused by the expansion of land-based food production, the carbon-hunger and nutrient-rich microalgae emerged as a sustainable food source for both humans and animals. Other than as an alternative source for protein, microalgae offer its most valuable nutrients, omega-3 and 6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids where the content can compete with that of marine fish with lower chemicals contamination and higher purity. Furthermore, the colorful pigments of microalgae can act as antioxidants together with many other health-improving properties as well as a natural colorant. In addition, the supplementation of algae as animal feed provides plentiful benefits, such as improved growth and body weight, reduced feed intake, enhanced immune response and durability towards illness, antibacterial and antiviral action as well as enrichment of livestock products with bioactive compounds. The significant breakthrough in algal biotechnology has made algae a powerful "cell factory" for food production and lead to the rapid growth of the algal bioeconomy in the food and feed industry. The first overview of this review was to present the general of microalgae and its potential capability. Subsequently, the nutritional compositions of microalgae were discussed together with its applications in human foods and animal feeds, followed by the exploration of their economic feasibility and sustainability as well as market trends. Lastly, both challenges and future perspectives were also discussed. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Microalgae offer solutions for a sustainable food source. Microalgae contain vast nutritional compounds for food and feed products. Microalgal-based feed and food provide better growth and health benefits. The market trend of algal-based products enables sustainable bioeconomy. Biotechnology breakthrough made algae a powerful "cell factory" for food production.