Heparin: An old drug for new clinical applications. (1st November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wang, Peipei; Chi, Lianli; Zhang, Zhenqing; Zhao, Hongmei; Zhang, Fuming; Linhardt, Robert J.
• Is Part Of: Carbohydrate polymers. Volume 295(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-11-01
• Subjects: Aβ beta-amyloid -- ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme -- AD Alzheimer's disease -- AT antithrombin -- ATR angiotensin receptor -- BACE1 beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 -- BBB blood-brain barrier -- CAT cancer-associated thrombosis -- cGMP current good manufacturing practice -- CHO Chinese hamster ovary cells -- CHs circulating histones -- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -- COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019 -- DENV dengue virus -- DN diabetic nephropathy -- FDA the US Food and Drug Administration -- FGFs fibroblast growth factors -- GAG glycosaminoglycan -- GBM glomerular basement membrane -- GlcA glucuronic acid -- GlcN glucosamine -- HBP heparin-binding protein -- HCC hepatoma carcinoma -- HMGB1 high mobility group box 1 protein -- HP heparin -- HPV16 human papilloma virus 16 -- HIT heparin-induced thrombocytopenia -- HIV human immunodeficiency virus -- HSV herpes simplex virus -- IFNγ interferon-γ -- IdoA iduronic acid -- IL-6 interleukin-1 -- ISTH the International Society for Thrombosis and Hemostasis -- LD Lyme disease -- LMWH low-molecular weight heparin -- LPS lipopolysaccharide -- MODS multiple organ dysfunction syndrome -- MW molecular weight -- NF-κB nuclear factor κB -- NFTs intracellular neurofibrillary tangles -- pRBCs Plasmodium-infected red blood cells -- RAGE advanced glycation end products -- RBD receptor-binding domain -- SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 -- SCLC limited-stage small-cell lung cancer -- Sp spike protein -- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor -- UFH unfractionated heparin -- ULMWH ultralow molecular weight heparin -- VTE venous thrombus embolism; Heparin -- Preparation -- Non-anticoagulant bioactivity -- Clinical application; Polysaccharides -- Periodicals; Polysaccharides -- Periodicals; Polysaccharides -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 547.78
• DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119818
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0144-8617

Abstract

Abstract: Heparin, an old but first-line anticoagulant, has been used over a century. It is a heterogeneous, linear, highly sulfated, anionic glycosaminoglycan with a broad distribution in relative molecular weight and charge density. These structural properties allow heparin to selectively interact with multiple proteins, leading to heparin's various pharmacological functions, such as anticoagulant, anti-viral, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Clinical data suggest that unfractionated heparin or low molecule weight heparin could decrease mortality in COVID-19 patients with sepsis-induced hypercoagulation through the anticoagulant, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities of these drugs. Thus, the non-anticoagulant activity of heparin has again aroused attention. This review highlights recent advances in the preparation of heparin-derived drugs and clinical research on its non-anticoagulant properties over the past decade, to further the development and utilization of these important drugs. Graphical abstract: Unlabelled Image