Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Phase Diagrams: Fifty Years of Research. Issue 51 (27th November 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Halperin, Avraham; Kröger, Martin; Winnik, Françoise M.
• Is Part Of: Angewandte Chemie international edition. Volume 54:Issue 51(2015)
• Page Start: 15342
• Page End: 15367
• Publication Date: 2015-11-27
• Subjects: lower critical solution temperature -- mesoglobules -- metastability -- tacticity -- type II phase behavior; Chemistry -- Periodicals; 540
• DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506663
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1433-7851

Abstract

Abstract: In 1968, Heskins and Guillet published the first systematic study of the phase diagram of poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), at the time a "young polymer" first synthesized in 1956. Since then, PNIPAM became the leading member of the growing families of thermoresponsive polymers and of stimuli‐responsive, "smart" polymers in general. Its thermal response is unanimously attributed to its phase behavior. Yet, in spite of 50 years of research, a coherent quantitative picture remains elusive. In this Review we survey the reported phase diagrams, discuss the differences and comment on theoretical ideas regarding their possible origins. We aim to alert the PNIPAM community to open questions in this reputably mature domain. Abstract : During the past 50 years, PNIPAM became the leading member of the growing families of thermoresponsive polymers and of stimuli‐responsive polymers in general. Its thermal response is unanimously attributed to its phase behavior. Yet, in spite of 50 years of research, a coherent quantitative picture remains elusive. This Review aims to alert to open questions in this field.