A concept of critical safety area applicable for an obstacle-avoidance process for manned and autonomous ships. (October 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gil, Mateusz
• Is Part Of: Reliability engineering & system safety. Volume 214(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-10
• Subjects: Collision Avoidance Dynamic Critical Area (CADCA) -- evasive maneuver -- maritime risk and safety -- ship maneuvering area -- allision -- critical area; ACO Ant Colony Optimization -- AIS Automatic Identification System -- APF Artificial Potential Field -- ARPA Automatic Radar Plotting Aid -- BRG bearing -- C-11 C-11 class container ship -- CADCA Collision Avoidance Dynamic Critical Area -- CPA Closest Point of Approach -- CTPA Collision Threat Parameters Area -- DoA Degree of autonomy -- DoF Degree of freedom -- DSS Decision Support Systems -- EA Evolutionary Algorithm -- FSB Floodstand-B ship -- HDG heading -- IMO International Maritime Organization -- MASS Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship -- MDTC Minimum Distance to Collision -- OOW Officer of the Watch -- OS own ship -- OZT Obstacle Zone by Target -- PAD Predicted Area of Danger -- PCA Planned course alteration -- PIANC The World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure -- ps port side -- RA rudder angle -- SOG Speed over ground -- stb starboard side -- TT target -- VO Velocity Obstacle -- WGS World Geodetic System; Reliability (Engineering) -- Periodicals; System safety -- Periodicals; Industrial safety -- Periodicals; Fiabilité -- Périodiques; Sécurité des systèmes -- Périodiques; Sécurité du travail -- Périodiques; 620.00452
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2021.107806
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0951-8320

Abstract

Highlights: Improved version of the Collision Avoidance Dynamic Critical Area (CADCA) is proposed for ship encounters with stationary obstacles The CADCA concept has been improved to increase its accuracy and computation time Modern cruise ship and post-Panamax container vessel are utilized in the simulation study Encounters with four obstacles differing in size and shape are investigated The impact of ship operational parameters on the required maneuvering area (rudder angle, initial speed, course alteration) is investigated Abstract: In times of increased automation of maritime transportation, ship collision with a stationary obstacle (allision) remains a significant problem. There are many existing solutions rooted primarily in the concept of ship domain and path-planning algorithms. However, among these, a geometrical approach to the determination of a required maneuvering area considering the dynamic nature of ship operations in close-quarters situations is still missing. Therefore, an improved concept of the CADCA ( Collision Avoidance Dynamic Critical Area ) is introduced for the case of ship allision. The CADCA is a deterministic zone that geometrically delimits required maneuvering space of a vessel. Its shape changes depending on the operational parameters of a ship, such as the magnitude of rudder angle, initial forward speed, or planned alteration of the course. In contrast to ship domain, the CADCA is determined using the critical distance between two objects called MDTC ( Minimum Distance to Collision ). Therefore, the CADCA concept can be used to appoint a position of no-return in a close-quarters situation, so as to determine the time and distance of the last-minute maneuver. An improved method of CADCA determination is introduced, along with an investigation of operational factors influencing the ship's critical area in allision scenarios. The simulations have been conducted for large passenger and container ship in encounters with various stationary obstacles differing in size and shape. The results indicate that from the operational point of view, a deflection of the rudder is the most influencing factor on the size of the CADCA, while the impact of ship speed is negligible for the investigated vessels. Besides, various applications of the CADCA are proposed and discussed for both manned and prospective autonomous vessels.