Dietary chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) supplementation effectively improves body color, alleviates muscle inflammation and inhibits apoptosis in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Issue 127 (August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yu, Heng; Liang, Hualiang; Ge, Xianping; Zhu, Jian; Wang, Yongli; Ren, Mingchun; Chen, Xiaoru
• Is Part Of: Fish & shellfish immunology. Issue 127(2022)
• Page Start: 140
• Page End: 147
• Publication Date: 2022-08
• Subjects: Chlorella -- Largemouth bass -- Muscle -- Inflammatory -- Apoptosis -- Body color; Fishes -- Immunology -- Periodicals; Shellfish -- Immunology -- Periodicals; Poissons -- Immunologie -- Périodiques; Crustacés -- Immunologie -- Périodiques; 571.9617
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.017
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1050-4648

Abstract

Abstract: Muscle quality, antioxidant status, and inflammatory and apoptotic molecule expression were investigated in juvenile largemouth bass fed five levels of Chlorella for 60 days. The results showed that muscle quality can be improved by increasing the muscle crude protein content, muscle and skin brightness value (L*), redness value (a*) and yellowness value (b*) in Chlorella-supplemented diets without affecting the growth and muscle fiber development of fish. Chlorella supplementation did not cause oxidative stress in muscle, but optimal Chlorella administration alleviated the muscle inflammatory response by downregulating the nuclear factor κB ( NF-κB )-mediated proinflammatory factors such as interleukin 1β ( IL-1β ) and interleukin 8 ( IL-8 ). Moreover, anti-apoptotic effects were induced by upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes, such as b cell lymphoma-2 ( bcl-2 ) and myeloid cell leukemia-1 ( mcl-1 ), and downregulation of pro-apoptotic genes, including bcl2-associated x ( bax ) and caspase3. In conclusion, Chlorella improved muscle quality, alleviated muscle inflammation and resisted muscle apoptosis. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Chlorella without adversely affecting the growth and muscle oxidative status. Chlorella improved muscle protein composition and enhanced fish body color. Chlorella could down-regulated muscle pro-inflammatory factors. The advantages of Chlorella in resisting muscle apoptosis cannot be ignored.