2D graphene derivatives as heterogeneous catalysts to produce biofuels via esterification and trans-esterification reactions. (June 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Roy, Anupam Singha; Cheruvathoor Poulose, Aby; Bakandritsos, Aristides; Varma, Rajender S.; Otyepka, Michal
• Is Part Of: Applied materials today. Volume 23(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-06
• Subjects: Biofuel -- Graphene -- Esterification -- Transesterification -- Catalysis; AAS Atomic absorption spectroscopy -- Ag Silver -- Al2O3 Alumium oxide -- [Ap-im]Cl 1-trimethoxysilylpropyl-3-(3-aminopropyl)imidazolium chloride -- APTMS (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane -- ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations -- BBD Box-Behneken design -- BDS 4‐aminobenzenesulfonic acid -- BET Brunauer Emmett Teller -- Bi2O3 Bismuth oxide -- CA CaO-Al2O3 -- CAG CaO-Al2O3-GO -- CaO Calcium oxide -- CGO Carbon-based graphene oxide -- CHFS Continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis -- CHNS Carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulfur -- CM Cellulose -- CMGs Chemically modified graphenes -- CO2 Carbon dioxide -- CRL7 Candida rugosa Type VII -- DAG Diacylglycerol -- DMC Dimethyl carbonate -- DME Dimethyl ether -- 2D Two-dimensional -- 3-D Three-dimensional -- EC Ethylene carbonate -- EDX Energy dispersive x-ray -- ER Eley-Rideal -- FAMEs Fatty acid methyl esters -- FFAs Free fatty acids -- FG Flurographene -- FGO Functional graphene oxide -- FTIR Fourier transform infrared -- GA Graphene aerogel -- GO-[Ap-im]OH Graphene oxide-1-trimethoxysilylpropyl-3-(3-aminopropyl)imidazolium hydroxide -- GO Graphene oxide -- GO-PrSO3H (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane functionalized GO -- GO-S Sulfur rich GO -- GO-SO3H Sulfonated GO -- GR Reduced GO -- H2 Hydrogen -- HCl Hydrochloric acid -- H3PO4 Phosphoric acid -- HPW H3PW12O40 -- H2SO4 Sulphuric acid -- HTC Hydrothermal carbon -- IGC Inverse gas chromatography -- IGO Improved graphene oxide -- IGO-W Improved graphene oxide in Water -- K2CO3 Potassium carbonate -- KF Potassium Fluoride -- KOH Potassium hydroxide -- LA Levulinic acid -- La2O3 Lanthanum oxide -- LEDs Light-emitting diodes -- MAG Monoacylglycerol -- MgO Magnesium oxide -- MGO Modified graphene oxide -- [mim]Cl 1-trimethoxysilylpropyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, -- [mim]OH 1-trimethoxysilylpropyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide, -- MMO Mixed metal oxide -- MNPs Metal nanoparticles -- MPTMS (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane -- MW Microwave -- NaOH Sodium hydroxide -- NaNO3 Sodium nitrate -- NCST Nanocrystalline sulphated titania -- NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance -- N-rGO Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide -- ORR Oxygen reduction reaction -- OTMS (3-octyl)trimethoxysilane -- PC Propylene carbonate -- PG Propylene glycol -- PO Propylene oxide -- RGO Reduced graphene oxide -- rGO-SO3H Sulfonic acid-reduced graphene oxide -- RSM Response surface methodology -- SA Stearic acid -- SAC Sulfonated active carbon -- SACs Carbon-based single atom catalysts -- SEM Scanning electron microscope -- SG Sulfonated graphene -- SGO Sulfonated graphene oxide -- SiO2 Silicon dioxide -- SnO Tin oxide -- SO2 Sulfur dioxide -- SO3H Sulfonic acid -- [SmIm]OH 1-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl-3-methylimidazolium -- SZ Sulfated Zirconia -- TAG Triacylglycerol -- TEM Transmission electron microscopy -- TGA Thermogravimetric analysis -- TiO2 Titanium dioxide -- TRGO Thermally reduced GO -- WCO Waste cooking oil -- WFO Waste frying oil -- WO3 Tungsten oxide -- XRD X-ray powder diffraction -- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy -- ZIF-8 Zeolitic imidazolate framework -- ZnO Zinc oxide -- ZrO2 Zirconium dioxide -- Zr-Sn-O Tin-doped zirconia; Materials science -- Periodicals; Materials -- Research -- Periodicals; 620.1105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101053
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2352-9407

Abstract

Highlights: 2D carbon-based nanomaterials can be used as catalysts for the biodiesel production. Properties of 2D carbons can be tuned by functionalities, defects, doping and grafting of nanoparticles. Recent developments in graphene derivatives for the catalytic esterification and transesterification reactions is overviewed. Abstract: The shortage of fossil fuels and burgeoning global warming has increased the demand for clean energy making biodiesel a promising alternative to conventional fuels. Heterogeneous catalysis plays a vital role in the cost-effectiveness of the expensive conventional biodiesel synthesis via transesterification reactions between lipid feedstocks such as vegetable oil or long chain fatty acids and alcohols. 2D carbons, such as graphene derivatives, have been used as catalysts for the biodiesel production owing to their extraordinary physical, electronic and mechanical properties. However, irreversible agglomeration, restacking of sheets, low bulk density leading to low catalyst mass/reactor volume ratio, and poor dispersibility of the graphene-based catalysts in most organic solvents are major challenges, restricting their use as catalysts or heterogeneous catalysts support. The properties of 2D carbons can be improved by introducing appropriate functionalities and defects, doping by heteroatoms and grafting of nanoparticles for the selective conversion of non-conventional sources into biofuels. Herein, we review the recent developments in graphene derivatives for the catalytic esterification and transesterification reactions, through a broad discussion on the synthesis of heterogeneous graphene derivatives as catalysts and their application in biodiesel production. Graphical abstract: Image, graphical abstract