Drosophila reward system - A summary of current knowledge. (April 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Dvořáček, Jiří; Kodrík, Dalibor
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. Volume 123(2021)
• Page Start: 301
• Page End: 319
• Publication Date: 2021-04
• Subjects: Ach acetylcholine -- AL antennal lobe -- APL anterior paired lateral neuron -- CBR cannabinoid receptor -- CRE crepine neuropil -- CS conditioned stimulus -- DA dopamine -- DAN dopamine neuron -- dDAT Drosophila dopamine transporter -- DMS dorsal medial striatum -- dNPF Drosophila neuropeptide F -- dopR dopamine receptor -- DPM dorsal paired medial neuron -- GABA gamaaminobutyric acid -- glu glutamatergic MBON -- Glu glutamate -- HT serotonin -- ILP insulin-like protein -- KC Kenyon cell -- LH lateral horn -- LTM long-term memory -- MB mushroom body -- MBON mushroom body output neuron -- NAc nucleus accumbens -- NPF neuropeptide F -- OA octopamine -- OAN octopamine neuron -- OFC orbitofrontal cortex -- PAM protocerebral anterior medial cluster -- PER proboscis extension reflex -- PFC prefrontal cortex -- PN projection neuron -- PPL protocerebral posterior lateral cluster -- SIP superior intermediate protocerebrum -- SLP superior intermediate protocerebrum -- SMP superior medial protocerebrum -- SNc substantia nigra pars compacta -- sNPF short neuropeptide F -- STM short-term memory -- TH-VUM dopaminergic ventral unpaired median neuron -- US unconditioned stimulus -- VTA ventral tegmental area; Reward system -- Dopamine -- Endogenous opioids -- Mushroom body -- Drosophila; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Human behavior -- Periodicals; Animal behavior -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Behavior -- Periodicals; Ethology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Psychophysiologie -- Périodiques; Comportement humain -- Périodiques; Animaux -- Mœurs et comportement -- Périodiques; Neurologie -- Périodiques; Animal behavior; Human behavior; Neurology; Psychophysiology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 573.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.032
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0149-7634

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Drosophila has a very well-developed brain enabling the associative learning. Reward functions of Drosophila represent a complex network system. Drosophila has activity-enhancing systems associated with wanting component of reward. Hedonic component of reward system is unlikely to be present in Drosophila. Abstract: The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster brain is the most extensively investigated model of a reward system in insects. Drosophila can discriminate between rewarding and punishing environmental stimuli and consequently undergo associative learning. Functional models, especially those modelling mushroom bodies, are constantly being developed using newly discovered information, adding to the complexity of creating a simple model of the reward system. This review aims to clarify whether its reward system also includes a hedonic component. Neurochemical systems that mediate the 'wanting' component of reward in the Drosophila brain are well documented, however, the systems that mediate the pleasure component of reward in mammals, including those involving the endogenous opioid and endocannabinoid systems, are unlikely to be present in insects. The mushroom body components exhibit differential developmental age and different functional processes. We propose a hypothetical hierarchy of the levels of reinforcement processing in response to particular stimuli, and the parallel processes that take place concurrently. The possible presence of activity-silencing and meta-satiety inducing levels in Drosophila should be further investigated.