Botulinum Toxin Injection-Site Selection for a Smooth Shoulder Line: An Anatomical Study. (26th January 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lee, Je Hun; Lee, Key Youn; Kim, Ji Young; Son, Woo Hyeon; Jeong, Ji Heun; Gil Jeong, Young; Kwon, Seongoh; Han, Seung Ho
• Other Names: Wimmers Klaus Academic Editor.
• Is Part Of: BioMed research international. Volume 2017(2017)
• Publication Date: 2017-01-26
• Subjects: Medicine -- Periodicals; Biology -- Periodicals; Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Life sciences -- Periodicals; 610.5
• DOI: 10.1155/2017/3092720
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2314-6133

Abstract

Abstract : Introduction. This study aimed to improve the accuracy of manual needle placement into the trapezius (TM) for smooth shoulder line. Methods. For macroscopic study 12 TMs and for microscopic study 4 cadavers were detached and then sampled, 1 ⁎ 1 cm at the four points from the origin to insertion site (0% at the most lateral point of external occipital protuberance and 100% at the most lateral point of acromion). Results. Most of the nerve endings observed during macroscopic investigations were concentrated in the 60–80% region, and the second most distributed region was the 40–60% region. The microscopic results revealed that the 60–80% region on the reference line had the most dense neuromuscular junction area, while the 40–60% and 80–100% areas were similar in their neuromuscular junction densities. Discussion. These anatomical results will be useful in clinical settings especially for cosmetic surgeons.