Changing Fate: Reprogramming Cells via Engineered Nanoscale Delivery Materials. Issue 33 (14th July 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Soltani Dehnavi, Shiva; Eivazi Zadeh, Zahra; Harvey, Alan R.; Voelcker, Nicolas H.; Parish, Clare L.; Williams, Richard J.; Elnathan, Roey; Nisbet, David R.
• Is Part Of: Advanced materials. Volume 34:Issue 33(2022)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2022-07-14
• Subjects: cell reprogramming -- nanomaterials‐based chemical vectors -- nonviral delivery systems -- viral delivery systems; Materials -- Periodicals; Chemical vapor deposition -- Periodicals; 620.11
• DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108757
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0935-9648

Abstract

Abstract: The incorporation of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine is at the nexus of fundamental innovations and early‐stage breakthroughs, enabling exciting biomedical advances. One of the most exciting recent developments is the use of nanoscale constructs to influence the fate of cells, which are the basic building blocks of healthy function. Appropriate cell types can be effectively manipulated by direct cell reprogramming; a robust technique to manipulate cellular function and fate, underpinning burgeoning advances in drug delivery systems, regenerative medicine, and disease remodeling. Individual transcription factors, or combinations thereof, can be introduced into cells using both viral and nonviral delivery systems. Existing approaches have inherent limitations. Viral‐based tools include issues of viral integration into the genome of the cells, the propensity for uncontrollable silencing, reduced copy potential and cell specificity, and neutralization via the immune response. Current nonviral cell reprogramming tools generally suffer from inferior expression efficiency. Nanomaterials are increasingly being explored to address these challenges and improve the efficacy of both viral and nonviral delivery because of their unique properties such as small size and high surface area. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art research in cell reprogramming, focused on recent breakthroughs in the deployment of nanomaterials as cell reprogramming delivery tools. Abstract : Nanomaterials enabling cell reprogramming provide a new paradigm for the restoration of healthy tissue and organs. Future clinical interventions will no longer require invasive surgery, or pharmaceutical regimens; it can be achieved through the controlled reprograming of regenerative cells. The authors review the multiscale delivery vehicles that can support and precisely deliver the raw genetic material and transformative vectors required.