Algorithm for generating negative cases for collaborative filtering recommender. Issue 7 (9th March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Song, Gil Jae; Song, Hee Seok
• Other Names: Fernandes Steven Lawrence guestEditor.; Martis Roshan Joy guestEditor.; Lin Hong guestEditor.; Javadi Bahman guestEditor.; Tanik Urcun John guestEditor.; Sharif Muhammad guestEditor.
• Is Part Of: Expert systems. Volume 39:Issue 7(2022)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2022-03-09
• Subjects: collaborative filtering -- gradient boosting -- implicit feedback -- negative cases -- one‐class; Expert systems (Computer science); 006.33
• DOI: 10.1111/exsy.12986
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0266-4720

Abstract

Abstract: Most collaborative filtering recommenders based on deep learning utilize implicit feedback information such as likes and bookmarks to infer user preferences rather than explicit feedback such as ratings provided by users. However, collaborative filtering models utilizing implicit feedback pose a chronic problem, that is, the "one‐class" problem (also known as the one‐class collaborative filtering problem), which causes trivial solutions due to lack of negative examples. A one‐class problem free‐boosting (OCF‐B) algorithm is proposed in this study to solve the one‐class problem by considering a user's preference pattern when generating negative cases and training the model with both positive and negative cases. More specifically, the OCF‐B algorithm iteratively selects negative cases that exacerbate the loss value of the object function and replace them with other negative cases when extracting negative cases from unknown cells of the user–item interaction matrix. In an experiment using four datasets, the results show that negative cases selected meticulously via the OCF‐B algorithm improve the prediction performance not only for negative cases, but also for positive cases. In addition, the prediction performance was better than that of the existing zero‐injection method.