The dynamical interplay of perinatal leptin with birthweight and 3-month weight, in full-term, preterm, IUGR mother–infant dyads. (2nd October 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Garofoli, Francesca; Mazzucchelli, Iolanda; Angelini, Micol; Klersy, Catherine; Tinelli, Carmine; Carletti, Giulia Vittoria; Calcaterra, Valeria; Gardella, Barbara; Tzialla, Chryssoula
• Is Part Of: Journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine. Volume 35:Number 19(2022)
• Page Start: 3729
• Page End: 3735
• Publication Date: 2022-10-02
• Subjects: Leptin -- preterm neonate -- intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) -- birthweight -- 3-month weight; Obstetrics -- Periodicals; Perinatology -- Periodicals; Infants (Newborn) -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Neonatology -- Periodicals; 618.2
• DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1839750
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1476-7058

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the dynamical interplay between perinatal leptin concentrations and neonatal weight evolution until 3 months of age. Methods: In a prospective observational study, maternal, cord blood and neonatal plasma leptin concentrations were correlated to birthweight and 3-month weight in 26 full-term, 20 preterm, and 17 intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) mother–neonate couples. Results: The median of maternal, cord blood, neonatal leptin concentrations were significantly different among the three groups ( p = 0.010; <0.001; =0.041 correspondingly). In the respect of the full-term group, higher concentrations were reported in preterm and IUGR mothers and lower concentrations in cord blood and neonatal plasma. The post-hoc comparisons showed that maternal concentrations were significantly higher in the IUGR group ( p = 0.005 vs full-term), cord blood concentrations resulted always significantly lower (preterm, IUGR vs full-term p < 0.001) and neonatal concentrations were significantly lower in the preterm group ( p = 0.018 vs full-term). Neonatal birthweight and 3-month weight were always significantly different among groups ( p < 0.001), even if preterm and IUGR still had lower weight than full-term, the percent increasing of weight between birth and 3-month demonstrated that preterm and IUGR infants have grown significantly faster, (preterm, IUGR vs full-term p < 0.001). The univariable analysis showed a maternal leptin association with offspring' birthweight ( R = −38%, p = 0.006) and with 3-month weight ( R = −43%, p = 0.002). Accounting for confounders, these associations lost significance. Cord blood leptin concentrations positively correlated with birthweight and with 3-month weight (both, p < 0.001). The latter correlation, when adjusting for birthweight became negative ( R = −43% p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results showed that maternal leptin levels lost their influence on neonatal weight when considering confounders. At 3-month, once birthweight adjusted, the percent increasing of weight was statistically larger in preterm and IUGR than the full-term group and the correlation between cord blood leptin and weight turned negative, from positive at birth. These data may be a clue for further investigation on the relationship between perinatal leptin concentrations and catch-up growth.