Optic neuropathy as a presenting feature of vitamin B-12 deficiency: A systematic review of literature and a case report. (December 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ata, Fateen; Bint I Bilal, Ammara; Javed, Saad; Shabir Chaudhry, Hammad; Sharma, Rohit; Fatima Malik, Rubab; Choudry, Hassan; Bhaskaran Kartha, Anand
• Is Part Of: Annals of medicine and surgery. Volume 60(2021)
• Page Start: 316
• Page End: 322
• Publication Date: 2020-12
• Subjects: Vitamin B – 12 deficiency -- Cyanocobalamin deficiency -- Optic neuritis -- Optic nerve -- Optic neuropathy -- Ophthalmological manifestations -- Visual symptoms; Surgery -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; General Surgery -- Periodicals; Education, Medical -- Periodicals; Periodicals; 617
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.11.010
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2049-0801

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: Vitamin B12 (VitB12) deficiency rarely manifests with visual symptoms. Optic nerve damage in VitB12 deficiency is thought to be via degeneration. However, optic neuritis, though infrequent, has been reported secondary to VitB12 deficiency. Material and methods: We conducted a systematic review of all the reported cases of VitB12 deficiency with optic nerve involvement in Pubmed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar any date up to September 6, 2020. We have discussed the findings and compiled the available information on ophthalmological manifestations of VitB12 deficiency. We aim to provide a unified knowledge about the evidence related to types of optic neuropathies reported to date secondary to VitB12 deficiency. We also present a case of bilateral optic neuritis secondary to VitB12 deficiency. Presentation of case: We present a 29-year-old previously healthy male with progressive, painful, bilateral, but asymmetric visual deterioration for forty-five days. A detailed history, examination, and laboratory workup were carried out. He was diagnosed as having optic neuritis secondary to VitB12 deficiency. He showed partial improvement with the replacement of VitB12. Conclusion: We suggest promptly identifying and replacing VitB12 in patients with optic neuritis with proven VitB12 deficiency to prevent permanent damage to the optic nerve. Patients with VitB12 deficiency should have a baseline fundoscopic exam to rule out subclinical optic nerve damage. Moreover, patients who present with visual disturbances should be screened for VitB12 deficiency, especially the vegan population. Highlights: B 12 deficiency can present with optic neuropathy as an initial manifestation. B 12 deficiency-induced optic neuropathy may be reversible if identified timely. In patients with visual disturbance, B12 levels should be checked with a fundus exam. A subclinical optic neuropathy should be ruled out in B12 deficient patients.