Large eddy simulation of transient combustion and soot recession in the ECN Spray A and D flames. (1st December 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhang, Min; Ong, Jiun Cai; Pang, Kar Mun; Bai, Xue-Song; Walther, Jens H.
• Is Part Of: Fuel. Volume 329(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-12-01
• Subjects: Combustion recession -- Soot recession -- End-of-injection -- LES -- ECN; Fuel -- Periodicals; Coal -- Periodicals; Coal; Fuel; Periodicals; 662.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125384
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0016-2361

Abstract

Abstract: This paper presents the numerical results of combustion and soot recession in the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) Spray A and D flames using large eddy simulations (LES). The nominal injector nozzle diameters for the ECN Spray A and D are 90 μ m and 186 μ m . A two-equation soot model is implemented to model the soot formation and oxidation processes. The numerical model is validated by comparing the simulated and measured data in terms of ignition delay time (IDT), lift-off-length (LOL), and temporal evolution of soot mass. The combustion and soot recession processes are analyzed after the end-of-injection (AEOI). The combustion recession processes are first driven by auto-ignition wave propagation followed also by the convective flow in both the Spray A and D flames. A separated high-temperature flame structure is observed in the Spray A flame due to having small favorable mixture regions for the auto-ignition to occur upstream of the quasi-steady lift-off position AEOI. In contrast, a spatially-continuous high-temperature flame structure is formed in the Spray D flame due to having more ignitable mixture regions upstream of the quasi-steady lift-off position and a higher heat release. Soot recession is observed in the Spray D flame but not in the Spray A flame. This is attributed to the mixture upstream of the quasi-steady state soot region becoming favorable to promote soot formation in the Spray D flame, but it becomes fuel-lean AEOI in the Spray A flame. Highlights: Effects of nozzle diameters on combustion and soot recession are studied. ECN Spray A shows separated high-T flame structure after end of injection. ECN Spray D shows spatially-continuous high-T flame structure after end of injection. Soot recession is present in the ECN Spray D flame, but not in the ECN Spray A flame.