Development and characterization of ion-releasing fiber-reinforced flowable composite. Issue 10 (October 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Garoushi, Sufyan; Vallittu, Pekka; Lassila, Lippo
• Is Part Of: Dental materials. Volume 38:Issue 10(2022)
• Page Start: 1598
• Page End: 1609
• Publication Date: 2022-10
• Subjects: Short fiber-reinforced flowable composite -- Mineralization -- Ion release -- Bioactivity -- Mechanical properties; Dentistry -- Periodicals; Dental materials -- Periodicals; 617.695
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.08.006
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0109-5641

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to develop and characterize an ion-releasing experimental fiber-reinforced flowable composite (Bio-SFRC) and dentin treatment solution made of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with a high molecular weight. In addition we also evaluated the interface structure and mineralization potential between the Bio-SFRC and dentin. Methods: Some mechanical properties (flexural properties and fracture toughness) of Bio-SFRC in comparison with commercial inert (G-aenial Flo X) and ion-releasing materials (ACTIVA-BioActive Base/Liner and Fuji II LC) were assessed (n = 8/group). Calcium-release at different time-points was measured during the first six weeks by using a calcium-ion selective electrode. Surface analysis of composites after being stored in simulated body fluid (SBF) was investigated by using SEM/EDS. Dentin disks (n = 50) were prepared from extracted sound teeth and demineralization was simulated by acid etching. SEM/EDS was used to evaluate the microstructure of dentin on the top surface and at interface with composites after being stored in SBF. Results: Bio-SFRC showed higher fracture toughness (1.6 MPa m 1/2 ) (p < 0.05) compared to Flo X (1.2 MPa m 1/2 ), ACTIVA (1 MPa m 1/2 ) and Fuji II LC (0.8 MPa m 1/2 ). Accumulative calcium release after six weeks from Bio-SFRC (15 mg/l) was higher than other tested ion-releasing materials (≈ 6 mg/l). Mineralization was clearly seen at the interface between treated dentin and Bio-SFRC. None of the commercial tested materials showed signs of mineralization at the interface and dentinal tubules remained open. Significance. Developing such reinforced ion-releasing flowable composite and PAA solution might offer the potential for mineralization at the interface and inside the organic matrix of demineralized dentin.