Influence of depression on the association between colder indoor temperature and higher blood pressure. Issue 10 (October 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Okumura, Kazuki; Obayashi, Kenji; Tai, Yoshiaki; Yamagami, Yuki; Kurumatani, Norio; Saeki, Keigo
• Is Part Of: Journal of hypertension. Volume 40:Issue 10(2022)
• Page Start: 2013
• Page End: 2021
• Publication Date: 2022-10
• Subjects: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring -- cold exposure -- depression -- epidemiologic study -- hypertension -- indoor temperature -- older adults; Hypertension -- Periodicals; Hypertension -- Periodicals; 616.132005
• DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003221
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1473-5598

Abstract

Abstract : Objectives: Cold exposure accounts for more than 7% of all-cause mortality worldwide, and cold-induced blood pressure (BP) elevation and consequent cardiovascular events are partially responsible. For prevention, it is important to identify risk factors for exaggerated temperature-sensitivity of BP but this is not fully understood. This study investigated whether depressive symptoms affect the relationship between indoor temperature and BP. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1076 community-based individuals who were at least 60 years of age. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale at a cutoff point of 4/5. We performed ambulatory BP monitoring and indoor temperature measurement on two consecutive days during the cold season in Nara, Japan. Results: When using daytime SBP as a dependent variable, multilevel linear regression analyses showed that lower daytime indoor temperature was significantly associated with higher daytime SBP in the depressive group ( n = 216, β = −0.804, P < 0.001) but not in the nondepressive group ( n = 860, β = −0.173, P = 0.120); moreover, a significant interaction between depression and daytime indoor temperature was observed ( P = 0.014). These relationships were independent of potential confounders including age, gender, BMI, medications, and physical activity. Similar results were obtained for morning SBP, nocturnal SBP dipping, and morning BP surge. Conclusion: The results suggest that depressive participants are more likely to have cold-induced BP elevation than nondepressive participants. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to determine whether people with depressive symptoms are at a high risk for cold-related cardiovascular events. Abstract :