Microplastic distribution and composition on two Galápagos island beaches, Ecuador: Verifying the use of citizen science derived data in long-term monitoring. (15th October 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jones, Jen S.; Guézou, Anne; Medor, Sara; Nickson, Caitlin; Savage, Georgie; Alarcón-Ruales, Daniela; Galloway, Tamara S.; Muñoz-Pérez, Juan Pablo; Nelms, Sarah E.; Porter, Adam; Thiel, Martin; Lewis, Ceri
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 311(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-10-15
• Subjects: Community science -- Plastic pollution -- Monitoring -- Eastern pacific -- Marine debris; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120011
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Monitoring beach plastic contamination across space and time is necessary for understanding its sources and ecological effects, and for guiding mitigation. This is logistically and financially challenging, especially for microplastics. Citizen science represents an option for sampling accessible sites to support long term monitoring, but challenges persist around data validation. Here we test a simple citizen science methodology to monitor visible microplastic contamination on sandy beaches using a standard quadrat unit (50 cm × 50 cm x 5 cm depth) sieved to 1 mm, to support the analysis of microplastic on two islands within the marine protected area of the Galápagos Archipelago, Ecuador (San Cristóbal and Santa Cruz islands). High school and university students undertook supervised sampling of two beaches in 2019–2020 collecting over 7000 particles. A sub-sample of the suspected microplastics collected (n = 2, 213, ∼30% total) were analysed using FTIR spectrometry, confirming 93% of particles >1 mm visually identified by students were microplastics or rubber, validating this method as a crowd-sourced indicator for microplastic contamination. These data provide important insights into the plastic contamination of Galápagos, revealing plastic abundances of 0–2524 particles m −2 over the two beaches (the highest reported in Galápagos). Strong accumulation gradients were measured parallel to the waterline at Punta Pitt (San Cristobal island) and perpendicular to the waterline at Tortuga Bay (Santa Cruz island), where four-fold higher concentrations were recorded at the sea turtle nesting habitat on the back-beach dune. No significant seasonal trends were measured during one year. These results demonstrate the value of citizen science in filling spatiotemporal knowledge gaps of beach contamination to support intervention design and conservation. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Citizen scientists correctly identified plastics or rubber in 93% of particles. Concentrations varied from 0 to >2500 particles m −2 with accumulation gradients. No significant spatiotemporal microplastic variation was measured over a year. Localised high densities of polyethylene pellets were recorded on one island. Simple quadrat/sieve method offers accessible beach microplastic monitoring option.