Australia-Japan telecoupling of wind power-based green ammonia for passenger transportation: Efficiency, impacts, and sustainability. (October 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lu, Hongfang; Lin, Bin-Le; Campbell, Daniel E.; Wang, Yanjia; Duan, Wenqi; Han, Taotao; Wang, Jun; Ren, Hai
• Is Part Of: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. Volume 168(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-10
• Subjects: Resource depletion -- Emissions -- Biotic endpoint impacts -- Efficiency -- Sustainability; AHP Analytic hierarchy process -- BIR Biotic impact ratio -- DALY Disability-adjusted life years -- ELR Environmental loading ratio -- EME Emergy evaluation -- EQ Ecosystem quality -- ESI Emergy sustainability index -- EV Electric vehicle -- EWR Emergy waste ratio -- EYR Emergy yield ratio -- FCV Fuel cell vehicle -- FE Freshwater eutrophication -- GHG Greenhouse gas -- GW Global warming -- HH Human health -- LCA Life cycle assessment -- LCI Life cycle inventory -- LO Land occupation -- MCDA Multi-criteria decision analysis -- ME Marine eutrophication -- NEAD National environmental accounting database -- NEV New energy vehicle -- NG Natural gas -- PDF Potentially disappeared fraction of species -- PEMFC Proton exchange membrane fuel cell -- PROMETHEE Preference ranking organization methods for enrichment evaluation -- RA Resource availability -- R&D Research and development -- Sej Solar emjoule. -- SOFC Solid oxide fuel cell -- TA Terrestrial acidification -- TOPSIS Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution -- UEV Unit emergy value -- WS Water stress; Renewable energy sources -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Periodicals; Énergies renouvelables -- Périodiques; Ressources énergétiques -- Périodiques; 333.794
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112884
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1364-0321

Abstract

Abstract: Ammonia is a renewable energy medium appropriate for distant trading; therefore, many countries and companies have formulated ambitious strategies to develop energy transitions to use green ammonia for transportation systems. However, the associated social, economic and environmental impacts, and the overall viability and sustainability of these transitions are still a mystery, because of the lack of sufficiently complicated evaluations. To fill this gap, an integrated life cycle assessment and emergy evaluation (LCA-EME) method was developed and applied to synthesize, compare and recognize the hotspot nodes of resource depletion, emissions and impacts, and to quantify the exploitation and utilization efficiencies, environmental loadings and sustainability of the Australia-Japan telecoupling of wind power-based ammonia for electric vehicles (EV) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCV) used for passenger transportation, compared with two fossil fuel-based EV transportation systems. The results revealed that the transition to ammonia-based fuels can reduce nonrenewable energy consumption by >29.64% and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by >10.00%; however, the demand for emergy resources >2.03 times and biotic endpoint impacts >1.56 times, both of which mainly occurred in the sending subsystem of the telecoupling interaction. The results highlighted the necessity of internalizing the 'external' resource stress and its biotic impacts, increasing the utilization efficiency and the recycling rate of minerals and fresh water, and decreasing the endpoint impacts to guarantee the sustainability of the telecoupled energy transitions. Integrated LCA-EME was confirmed as a valuable tool for handling complex, multi-nodal nexus problems of telecoupling, which is widely needed for energy transition strategy making. Highlights: This is an "energy-water-material-emission-impact" multi-nodal nexus study of green ammonia. The study is the first application of the telecoupling framework in energy conversions. Conversion from fossil fuel to green ammonia can reduce GHG emissions but it increases potential biotic impacts. Conversion from fossil fuel to green ammonia increases endpoint impacts in the sending area.