Ternary gasoline – Pomegranate peel oil (PPO)- tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) blend as an enabler to improve the spark-ignited engine performance and emissions. (1st December 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nandakumar, C.; Saravanan, C.G.; Raman, Vallinayagam; Vikneswaran, M.; Sasikala, J.; Femilda Josephin, J.S.; Geo Varuvel, Edwin
• Is Part Of: Fuel. Volume 329(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-12-01
• Subjects: CAD Crank Angle Degree -- CR Compression Ratio -- ICE Internal Combustion Engines -- PPO Pomegranate Peel Oil -- PPO10 10% PPO + 90% Gasoline -- PPO10+TBA5 95% PPO10 + 5% TBA -- PPO10+TBA10 90% PPO10 + 10% TBA -- PPO10+TBA15 85% PPO10 + 15% TBA -- RON Research Octane Number -- SI Spark Ignition -- TBA Tertiary Butyl Alcohol; Alternate fuels -- Pomegranate peel oil -- Tertiary butyl alcohol -- SI engine -- Performance; Fuel -- Periodicals; Coal -- Periodicals; Coal; Fuel; Periodicals; 662.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125396
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0016-2361

Abstract

Highlights: Pomegranate peel oil (PPO) was derived from the rinds of pomegranate fruit and its properties were studied to use in spark ignition engine. Gasoline-Pomegranate peel oil was prepared by blending PPO in petrol at a ratio of 10:90 by volume and tested in spark ignition engine. To improve the performance of the PPO10 blend, tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) was blended with PPO10 in the volumetric proportion of 5%, 10%, and 15% to form ternary blends. The blend PPO10 + TBA15 (85 % PPO + 15 % TBA) exhibit higher BTE as compared to sole gasoline. CO and HC emissions decrease at expense of NOx emissions for ternary blends when compared to sole gasoline. Abstract: This paper reported a research work that investigated the compatibility of using pomegranate peel oil (PPO) as a substitute for gasoline in a spark-ignition engine. Initially, fuel characterization was performed for the PPO biofuel, and a blend was prepared by blending PPO in gasoline at a ratio of 10:90 by volume. Then, fuel properties were measured for the gasoline, PPO, and its blend. Subsequently, engine experiments were conducted for the blend at different load conditions with constant speed, and the performance, combustion, and emission results of the blend were compared with that of sole gasoline. By analyzing the results, it was found that the brake thermal efficiency of the 10% PPO blended gasoline was reduced by 1.2%, 0.6%, and 1%, at low load, mid load, and full load, respectively, when compared to sole gasoline. Whereas the HC and CO emission of the blend was higher by about 11.7% and 8.3%, respectively, at full load, when compared to that of gasoline. With an intent to improve the performance of the PPO blend, tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) was blended with the 10% PPO blended gasoline in the volumetric proportion of 5%, 10%, and 15% to form ternary blends. The experimental study revealed that the performance of the PPO blend was enhanced significantly with increasing TBA proportion in the blend. The PPO blend with 15% TBA exhibited the highest BTE of 25.1%, which was 1.6% higher than gasoline at full load. The same blend resulted in the HC and CO emissions that were 9.2% and 9.6% lesser than gasoline, respectively, whereas NO emission was 7.6% higher than gasoline, at full load condition. The combustion analysis revealed that the start of combustion was delayed, with peak pressure and heat release rate being the maximum for ternary blends. From this investigation, it can be concluded that the sole gasoline can be replaced by the ternary blend as fuel for SI engine operation without requiring any major engine modification.