Efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. (October 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Saadh, Mohamed J.; Jaber, Saif Aldeen
• Is Part Of: Microbial pathogenesis. Volume 171(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-10
• Subjects: COVID-19 -- Vaccines -- Coronavirus -- Hospitalization -- Infection -- Mortality; Pathogenic microorganisms -- Periodicals; Pathology, Molecular -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- microbiology -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- parasitology -- Periodicals; Micro-organismes pathogènes -- Périodiques; Pathologie moléculaire -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.9041
• DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105729
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0882-4010

Abstract

Abstract: As of 2022, the global population has access to several mRNA and traditional inactivated vaccines. However, their effectiveness in preventing infection, hospitalization, and COVID-associated mortality in Jordan has yet to be evaluated. The purpose of this observational study was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of three approved vaccines against COVID-19 in a sample of the Jordanian population. The study was conducted between July 2021 and 2022 in a sample of adult patients presenting to hospitals across Jordan and receiving one of the three vaccines – Pfizer (BNT162b2), Astra Zeneca (ChAdOx1-S), or Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV). Data were collected to measure the rates of infection without hospitalization, infection with hospitalization, and death. The sample included patients with one of the following chronic conditions: cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, or diabetes. Primary data were obtained from patients' health records. The sample included 6132 adults from Jordan, with a mean age 52 ± 17 years. The rates of death in patients receiving two doses of any vaccine ranged between 0.175 and 2.77%, compared with 0.69–13.53% in patients receiving only one dose. The rates of hospitalization were 6–7.97% with two doses, compared to 7.98–25.13% with one dose. The rates of infection without hospitalization were significantly higher in the two-dose group (6–25.1%) compared with those who had received only one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine (0.69–10.61%). In conclusion, receiving two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine was associated with lower odds of mortality and hospitalization and higher odds of infection. More research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Highlights: Vaccines are strongly recommended as safe and effective at preventing serious illness or death from COVID - 19 . The second doses of a COVID-19 vaccine were associated with lower odds of mortality. Vaccine results in reducing poor outcomes for COVID-19 in patients with chronic diseases are inadequate. Despite receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 infection poses a high risk for respiratory diseases.