Causal inference with observational data in addiction research. (21st June 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chan, Gary C. K.; Lim, Carmen; Sun, Tianze; Stjepanovic, Daniel; Connor, Jason; Hall, Wayne; Leung, Janni
• Is Part Of: Addiction. Volume 117:Number 10(2022)
• Page Start: 2736
• Page End: 2744
• Publication Date: 2022-06-21
• Subjects: Causal inference -- instrumental variable -- interrupted time‐series analysis -- inverse probability treatment weighting -- matching -- propensity score; Alcoholism -- Periodicals; Drug addiction -- Periodicals; 616.86
• DOI: 10.1111/add.15972
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0965-2140

Abstract

Abstract: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for making causal inferences, but RCTs are often not feasible in addiction research for ethical and logistic reasons. Observational data from real‐world settings have been increasingly used to guide clinical decisions and public health policies. This paper introduces the potential outcomes framework for causal inference and summarizes well‐established causal analysis methods for observational data, including matching, inverse probability treatment weighting, the instrumental variable method and interrupted time‐series analysis with controls. It provides examples in addiction research and guidance and analysis codes for conducting these analyses with example data sets.