Early Physiologic Effects of Prone Positioning in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. (16th June 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zarantonello, Francesco; Sella, Nicolò; Pettenuzzo, Tommaso; Andreatta, Giulio; Calore, Alvise; Dotto, Denise; De Cassai, Alessandro; Calabrese, Fiorella; Boscolo, Annalisa; Navalesi, Paolo
• Is Part Of: Anesthesiology. Volume 137:Number 3(2022)
• Page Start: 327
• Page End: 339
• Publication Date: 2022-06-16
• Subjects: Anesthesiology -- Periodicals; Anesthetics -- Periodicals; Anesthesia -- Periodicals; 617.9605
• DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004296
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0003-3022

Abstract

Abstract : Background: The mechanisms underlying oxygenation improvement after prone positioning in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome have not been fully elucidated yet. The authors hypothesized that the oxygenation increase with prone positioning is secondary to the improvement of ventilation-perfusion matching. Methods: In a series of consecutive intubated COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients receiving volume-controlled ventilation, the authors prospectively assessed the percent variation of ventilation-perfusion matching by electrical impedance tomography before and 90 min after the first cycle of prone positioning (primary endpoint). The authors also assessed changes in the distribution and homogeneity of lung ventilation and perfusion, lung overdistention and collapse, respiratory system compliance, driving pressure, optimal positive end-expiratory pressure, as assessed by electrical impedance tomography, and the ratio of partial pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen (Pao 2 /Fio 2 ; secondary endpoints). Data are reported as medians [25th to 75th] or percentages. Results: The authors enrolled 30 consecutive patients, all analyzed without missing data. Compared to the supine position, prone positioning overall improved ventilation-perfusion matching from 58% [43 to 69%] to 68% [56 to 75%] ( P = 0.042), with a median difference of 8.0% (95% CI, 0.1 to 16.0%). Dorsal ventilation increased from 39% [31 to 43%] to 52% [44 to 62%] ( P < 0.001), while dorsal perfusion did not significantly vary. Prone positioning also reduced lung overdistension from 9% [4 to 11%] to 4% [2 to 6%] ( P = 0.025), while it did not significantly affect ventilation and perfusion homogeneity, lung collapse, static respiratory system compliance, driving pressure, and optimal positive end-expiratory pressure. Pao 2 /Fio 2 overall improved from 141 [104 to 182] mmHg to 235 [164 to 267] mmHg ( P = 0.019). However, 9 (30%) patients were nonresponders, experiencing an increase in Pao 2 /Fio 2 less than 20% with respect to baseline. Conclusions: In COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, prone positioning overall produced an early increase in ventilation-perfusion matching and dorsal ventilation. These effects were, however, heterogeneous among patients. Abstract : Using electrical impedance tomography, the authors assessed the percent variation of ventilation-perfusion matching before and after 90 min of the first cycle of prone positioning in 30 intubated, sedated, and paralyzed adult COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients along with additional secondary pulmonary physiologic endpoints. Overall, prone positioning improved ventilation-perfusion matching significantly with a median difference of 8% with no change in dorsal perfusion. Lung overdistention was also significantly reduced. Pao 2 /fraction of inspired oxygen improved overall, although 30% of the cohort were classified as nonresponders (less than 20% increase from baseline).