The association between self-esteem and suicidal risk: a meta-analysis. (1st June 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lippo, F.; Madeddu, F.; Fornaro, M.; Calati, R.
• Is Part Of: European psychiatry. Volume 65:Supplement 1(2022)
• Page Start: S835
• Page End: S835
• Publication Date: 2022-06-01
• Subjects: Suicide -- self-esteem -- suicidal risk -- meta-analysis; Psychiatry -- Periodicals; Mental illness -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.89
• DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2162
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0924-9338

Abstract

Abstract : Introduction: Background: Existing evidence poses low self-esteem as a risk factor for both suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SAs) in the general population. Objectives: The present study assesses the relationship between self-esteem level and SI/SA, considering across the lifespan. Two separate meta-analyses, one for SI and the other for SA are herein reported since they substantially overlap in terms of eligibility procedures and search strategies. Methods: Eligible studies documented at least one suicidal, and a non-suicidal group. Data were analyzed using the Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager Software (RevMan, version 5.4.1) under the random-effects models. Values were standardized owing to the anticipated heterogeneity of self-esteem rating tools. Sensitivity analyses were performed to control for heterogeneity. Results: Out of 3, 310 initial hits, 24 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. The meta-analyses showed that individuals with lower levels of self-esteem, compared to those with higher levels, were more likely to endorse both SI and SA. SI reached a standardized mean difference of -0.43 (CI: -0.81, -0.05), while SA reduced by -0.89 (CI: -1.02, -0.76), overall. Limitations: The herein presented results rely on standardized mean differences rather than odds of either SI or SA since the original studies failed to systematically fetch rates of the events. Conclusions: Lower levels of self-esteem represent a risk factor for both SI and SA across the lifespan. Forthcoming studies should systematically account for multiple moderators to allow meta-analytic synthesis including sub-group and meta-regression analyses assuming high-heterogeneity would still be concerned. Disclosure: No significant relationships.