Effectiveness of BBV152/Covaxin and AZD1222/Covishield vaccines against severe COVID-19 and B.1.617.2/Delta variant in India, 2021: a multi-centric hospital-based case-control study. (September 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bhatnagar, Tarun; Chaudhuri, Sirshendu; Ponnaiah, Manickam; Yadav, Pragya D; Sabarinathan, R; Sahay, Rima R; Ahmed, Faheem; Aswathy, S; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bilimale, Anil; Kumar, M Santhosh; Logaraj, M.; Narlawar, Uday; Palanivel, C; Patel, Prakash; Rai, Sanjay K; Saxena, Vartika; Singh, Arvind; Thangaraj, Jeromie WV; Agarwal, Ashwini; Alvi, Yasir; Amoghashree, ; Ashok, P; Babu, Dinesh; Bahurupi, Yogesh; Bhalavi, Sangita; Behera, Priyamadhaba; Biswas, Priyanka Pandit; Charan, Jaykaran; Chauhan, Nishant Kumar; Chetak, KB; Dar, Lalit; Das, Ayan; Deepashree, R; Dhar, Minakshi; Dhodapkar, Rahul; Dipu, TS; Dudeja, Mridu; Dudhmal, Manisha; Gadepalli, Ravisekhar; Garg, Mahendra Kumar; Gayathri, AV; Goel, Akhil Dhanesh; Gowdappa, H Basavana; Guleria, Randeep; Gupta, Manoj Kumar; Islam, Farzana; Jain, Mannu; Jain, Vineet; Jawahar, M Lanord Stanley; Joshi, Rajendra; Kant, Shashi; Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar; Kalita, Deepjyoti; Khapre, Meenakshi; Khichar, Satyendra; Kombade, Sarika Prabhakar; Kohli, Sunil; Kumar, Abhinendra; Kumar, Anil; Kumar, Deepak; Kulirankal, Kiran G; Leela, KV; Majumdar, Triparna; Mishra, Baijayantimala; Misra, Puneet; Misra, Sanjeev; Mohapatra, Prasanta Raghab; Murthy, M Narayana; Nyayanit, Dimpal A; Patel, Manish; Pathania, Monika; Patil, Savita; Patro, Binod Kumar; Jalandra, Ramniwas; Rathod, Pragati; Shah, Naimesh; Shete, Anita; Shukla, Deepak; Shwethashree, M; Sinha, Smita; Sumana, MN; Surana, Ashish; Trikha, Anjan; Tejashree, A; Venkateshan, Mahalingam; Vijaykrishnan, G; Wadhava, Sarita; Wig, Naveet; Gupta, Nivedita; Abraham, Priya; Murhekar, Manoj V;
• Is Part Of: International journal of infectious diseases. Volume 122(2022)
• Page Start: 693
• Page End: 702
• Publication Date: 2022-09
• Subjects: COVID-19 vaccines -- BBV152/Covaxin -- AZD1222/Covishield -- Delta variant -- Effectiveness -- India; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- Periodicals; Communicable diseases; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.033
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1201-9712

Abstract

Highlights: Multi-centric hospital-based study was conducted across 11 cities in India. Both Covishield and Covaxin confer high protection against severe COVID-19. Both vaccines provide high protection against severe disease by the Delta strain. Expansion of the two-dose vaccination coverage is key to reducing hospitalizations. Abstract: Objectives: India introduced BBV152/Covaxin and AZD1222/Covishield vaccines in January 2021. We estimated the effectiveness of these vaccines against severe COVID-19 among individuals aged ≥45 years. Methods: We did a multi-centric, hospital-based, case-control study between May and July 2021. Cases were severe COVID-19 patients, and controls were COVID-19 negative individuals from 11 hospitals. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated for complete (2 doses ≥ 14 days) and partial (1 dose ≥ 21 days) vaccination; interval between two vaccine doses and vaccination against the Delta variant. We used the random effects logistic regression model to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) after adjusting for relevant known confounders. Results: We enrolled 1143 cases and 2541 control patients. The VE of complete vaccination was 85% (95% CI: 79-89%) with AZD1222/Covishield and 71% (95% CI: 57-81%) with BBV152/Covaxin. The VE was highest for 6-8 weeks between two doses of AZD1222/Covishield (94%, 95% CI: 86-97%) and BBV152/Covaxin (93%, 95% CI: 34-99%). The VE estimates were similar against the Delta strain and sub-lineages. Conclusion: BBV152/Covaxin and AZD1222/Covishield were effective against severe COVID-19 among the Indian population during the period of dominance of the highly transmissible Delta variant in the second wave of the pandemic. An escalation of two-dose coverage with COVID-19 vaccines is critical to reduce severe COVID-19 and further mitigate the pandemic in the country.