Hydrological resilience to forest fire in the subarctic Canadian shield. Issue 25 (16th October 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Spence, Christopher; Hedstrom, Newell; Tank, Suzanne E.; Quinton, William L.; Olefeldt, David; Goodman, Stefan; Dion, Nicole
• Is Part Of: Hydrological processes. Volume 34:Issue 25(2020)
• Page Start: 4940
• Page End: 4958
• Publication Date: 2020-10-16
• Subjects: Canadian shield -- evapotranspiration -- forest fire -- permafrost -- resilience -- streamflow -- talik -- water budget; Hydrology -- Periodicals; Hydrology -- Research -- Periodicals; Hydrologic models -- Periodicals; Hydrological forecasting -- Periodicals; 631.432
• DOI: 10.1002/hyp.13915
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0885-6087

Abstract

Abstract: Understanding the role of forest fires on water budgets of subarctic Precambrian Shield catchments is important because of growing evidence that fire activity is increasing. Most research has focused on assessing impacts on individual landscape units, so it is unclear how changes manifest at the catchment scale enough to alter water budgets. The objective of this study was to determine the water budget impact of a forest fire that partially burned a ~450 km 2 subarctic Precambrian Shield basin. Water budget components were measured in a pair of catchments: one burnt and another unburnt. Burnt and unburnt areas had comparable net radiation, but thaw was deeper in burned areas. There were deeper snow packs in burns. Differences in streamflow between the catchments were within measurement uncertainty. Enhanced winter streamflow from the burned watershed was evident by icing growth at the streamflow gauge location, which was not observed in the unburned catchment. Wintertime water chemistry was also clearly elevated in dissolved organics, and organic‐associated nutrients. Application of a framework to assess hydrological resilience of watersheds to wildfire reveal that watersheds with both high bedrock and open water fractions are more resilient to hydrological change after fire in the subarctic shield, and resilience decreases with increasingly climatically wet conditions. This suggests significant changes in runoff magnitude, timing and water chemistry of many Shield catchments following wildfire depend on pre‐fire land cover distribution, the extent of the wildfire and climatic conditions that follow the fire. Abstract : Conceptualization of the influence of fire and a loss of the soil organic layer on frost and water tables present on a subarctic Canadian Shield hillslope. The water table is denoted by the inverted blue triangle and dotted blue line. The frost table is denoted by the black dashed line. The blue arrows illustrate how saturated subsurface flow could be intercepted by a higher frost table associated with conditions before fire