Thermometry and Microstructural Analysis Imply Protracted Extensional Exhumation of the Tso Morari UHP Nappe, Northwestern Himalaya: Implications for Models of UHP Exhumation. Issue 12 (14th December 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Long, Sean P.; Kohn, Matthew J.; Kerswell, Buchanan C.; Starnes, Jesslyn K.; Larson, Kyle P.; Blackford, Nolan R.; Soignard, Emmanuel
• Is Part Of: Tectonics. Volume 39:Issue 12(2020)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2020-12-14
• Subjects: exhumation -- Himalaya -- orogenesis -- shear zone -- Tso Morari -- ultrahigh pressure; Geology, Structural -- Periodicals; 551.8
• DOI: 10.1029/2020TC006482
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0278-7407

Abstract

Abstract: Documenting the processes that facilitate exhumation of ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) rocks at convergent margins is critical for understanding orogen dynamics. Here, we present structural and temperature data from the Himalayan UHP Tso Morari nappe (TMN) and overlying nappes, which we integrate with published pressure‐temperature‐time constraints to refine interpretations for their structural evolution and exhumation history. Our data indicate that the 5.5‐km‐thick TMN is the upper portion of a penetratively deformed ductile slab, which was extruded via distributed, pure shear‐dominated, top‐down‐to‐east shearing. Strain in the TMN is recorded by high‐strength quartz fabrics (density norms between 1.74 and 2.86) and finite strain data that define 63% transport‐parallel lengthening and 46% transport‐normal shortening. The TMN attained peak temperatures of ~500–600°C, which decrease in the overlying Tetraogal and Mata nappes to ~150–300°C, defining a field gradient as steep as 67°C/km. Within the overlying nappes, quartz fabric strength decreases (density norms between 1.14 and 1.21) and transport‐parallel lengthening and transport‐normal shortening decrease to 14% and 18%, respectively. When combined with published 40 Ar/ 39 Ar thermochronometry, quartz fabric deformation temperatures as low as ~330°C indicate that the top‐to‐east shearing that exhumed the TMN continued until ~30 Ma. Peak temperatures constrain the maximum depth of the overlying Mata nappe to 12.5–17.5 km; when combined with published fission‐track thermochronometry, this provides further support that the TMN was not underplated at upper crustal levels until ~30 Ma. The long‐duration, convergence‐subnormal shearing that exhumed the TMN outlasted rapid India‐Asia convergence by ~15 Myr and may be the consequence of strain partitioning during oblique convergence. Key Points: Deformation temperatures combined with thermochronometry indicate that the shearing that exhumed the Tso Morari nappe continued until ~30 Ma Top‐to‐east shearing outlasted rapid India‐Asia convergence by ~15 Myr and may be a result of strain partitioning in the western Himalaya The exhumation of the Tso Morari nappe is generally consistent with models of UHP exhumation that emphasize piston forcing or recirculation