CO2 capture and storage: A way forward for sustainable environment. (15th November 2018) - Anwar, M.N.
Abstract: The quest for a sustainable environment and combating global warming, carbon capture, and storage (CCS) has become the primary resort. A complete shift from non-renewable resources to renewable resources is currently impossible due to its major share in energy generation; making CCS an imperative need of the time. This study, therefore, aims to examine the reckoning of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), measurement methods, and its efficient capture and storage technologies with an ambition to combat global warming and achieve environmental sustainability. Conventionally, physical, geological and biological proxies are used to measure CO2 . The recent methods for CO2 analyses are spectrometry, electrochemical gas sensors, and gas chromatography. Various procedures such as pre, post, and oxyfuel combustion, and use of algae, biochar, and charcoal are the promising ways for CO2 sequestration. However, the efficient implementation of CCS lies in the application of nanotechnology that, in the future, could provide a better condition for the environment and economic outlooks. The captured carbon can be stored in the earth crust for trillions of years, but its leakage during storage can raise many issues including its emissions in the atmosphere and soil acidification. Therefore, global and collective efforts are required to explore, optimize and implement new techniques for CCS to achieve high environmental sustainability and combat the issues of global warming. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Climate change is a serious threat to all living creatures on the planet Earth. Deforestation and intensive use of fossil fuels have exacerbated global warming. Several technologies can be used for CO2 capture and storage (CCS). Nanotechnology has a promising role in carbon sequestration. Captured carbon can be stored for million years under Earth crust and deep oceans.