Exosomal microRNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers in prostate cancer. (January 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wang, Jingpu; Ni, Jie; Beretov, Julia; Thompson, James; Graham, Peter; Li, Yong
• Is Part Of: Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. Volume 145(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-01
• Subjects: ADT androgen deprivation therapy -- Ago2 Argonaute 2 -- AUC area under curve -- BPH benign prostate hyperplasia -- PCa prostate cancer -- CRPC castrate-resistant prostate cancer -- CTC circulating tumour cells -- ctDNA circulating tumour DNA -- Dicer RNase III endonuclease -- DRE digital rectal examination -- DGCR8 DiGeorge Syndrome Critical Region 8 -- EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition -- EVs extracellular vesicles -- GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase-activating protein -- GS Gleason score -- ITGA3 integrin subunit alpha 3 -- ITGB1 integrin subunit beta 1 -- miRISC RNA-induced silencing complex with mature miRNA -- miRNAs microRNAs -- MMP matrix metalloproteinase -- MVBs multivesicular bodies -- NK natural killer cell -- PSA prostate specific antigen -- RANKL receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand -- RISC, Pol II Polymerase I -- RISC RNA-induced silencing complex -- SEC size exclusion chromatography -- TRAMP transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate -- TRUS transrectal ultrasound; Prostate cancer -- Exosomes -- MicroRNAs -- Biomarkers -- Liquid biopsy -- Diagnosis; Oncology -- Periodicals; Hematology -- Periodicals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102860
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1040-8428

Abstract

Abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed solid-organ cancer in males. The PSA testing may cause overdiagnosis and overtreatment for PCa patients. There is an urgent need for new biomarkers with greater discriminative precision for diagnosis and risk-stratification, to select for prostate biopsy and treatment of PCa. Liquid biopsy is a promising field with the potential to provide comprehensive information on the genetic landscape at diagnosis and to track genomic evolution over time in order to tailor the therapeutic choices at all stages of PCa. Exosomes, containing RNAs, DNAs and proteins, have been shown to be involved in tumour progression and a rich potential source of tumour biomarkers, especially for profiling analysis of their miRNAs content. In this review, we summarise the exosomal miRNAs in PCa diagnosis, prognosis and management, and further discuss their possible technical challenges associated with isolating PCa-specific exosomes.