Modelling transport modal shift in TIMES models through elasticities of substitution. (15th December 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Salvucci, Raffaele; Tattini, Jacopo; Gargiulo, Maurizio; Lehtilä, Antti; Karlsson, Kenneth
• Is Part Of: Applied energy. Volume 232(2018)
• Page Start: 740
• Page End: 751
• Publication Date: 2018-12-15
• Subjects: Elasticities -- Energy system modeling -- Modal shift -- TIMES models -- Transport; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Energy conservation -- Periodicals; Energy conversion -- Periodicals; 621.042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.083
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-2619

Abstract

Highlights: Novel methodology to endogenise modal shift in energy system models. Substitution elasticities are adopted to regulate transport modal shares. Modal demands self-adjust elastically in response to shadow price changes. Sensitivity analysis on elasticities reveals substitution saturation. Interactions between novel methodology and traditional model structure explained. Abstract: Several efforts have been directed lately towards the endogenisation of transport modes competition in Energy/Economy/Environment/Engineering (E4) models. TIMES-DKEMS is a novel methodology paving the way for applying elasticities of substitution to incorporate transport modal shift into TIMES (The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System) models. Substitution elasticities are defined for four transport demand aggregates, each corresponding to a different distance range class. Within an aggregate, modal demands can adjust their levels according to the defined substitution elasticity and in response to changes of their shadow prices relative to a reference case. The total volume of the transport demand over the aggregate is conserved and modal shift potentials are implemented to guarantee realistic dynamics. The behavior of TIMES-DKEMS is tested under an arbitrary environmental policy, an increasingly stringent bound on CO2 emissions. Modal shares are compared with the standard version of TIMES-DK. Results show that in 2050, 11% of car mobility demand is substituted by more efficient and less costly modes such as train and coach. A sensitivity analysis on the values of substitution elasticities indicates that higher absolute values correspond to larger modal shift. Finally, other model constraints, such as mode-specific travel patterns, interact with the substitution mechanism resulting in a modal shift containment.