Development of an in-vivo metric to aid visual inspection of single-case design data: Do we need to run more sessions?. (March 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Barnard-Brak, Lucy; Richman, David M.; Little, Todd D.; Yang, Zhanxia
• Is Part Of: Behaviour research and therapy. Volume 102(2018)
• Page Start: 8
• Page End: 15
• Publication Date: 2018-03
• Subjects: Fail safe k -- Fail safe n -- Visual inspection aid -- Single-case experimental designs; Cognitive therapy -- Periodicals; Psychotherapy -- Periodicals; 616.891
• DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.12.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0005-7967

Abstract

Abstract: Comparing visual inspection results of graphed data reveals inconsistencies in the interpretation of the same graph among single-case experimental design (SCED) researchers and practitioners. Although several investigators have disseminated structured criteria and visual inspection aids or strategies, inconsistencies in interpreting graphed data continue to exist even for individuals considered to be experts at interpreting SCED graphs. We propose a fail safe k metric that can be used in conjunction with visual inspection, and it can be used in-vivo after each additional data point is collected within a phase to determine the optimal point in time to shift between phases (e.g., from baseline to treatment). Preliminary proof of concept data are presented to demonstrate the potential utility of the fail safe k metric with a sample of previously published SCED graphs examining the effects on noncontingent reinforcement on occurrences of problem behavior. Results showed that if the value of fail safe k is equal to or less than the number of sessions in the current phase, then the data path may not be stable and more sessions should be run before changing phases. We discuss the results in terms of using the fail safe k as an additional aid for visual inspection of SCED data. Highlights: Visual inspection has revealed inconsistencies in the interpretation of the same graph among single-case design researchers. Preliminary proof of concept data are presented to demonstrate the potential utility of the fail safe k metric. Fail safe k values ≤ than the number of B sessions indicate the data path may not be stable and more sessions may be needed.