Evaluation of inactivated vaccines against equine group A rotaviruses by use of a suckling mouse model. Issue 37 (5th September 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nemoto, Manabu; Inagaki, Mizuho; Tamura, Norihisa; Bannai, Hiroshi; Tsujimura, Koji; Yamanaka, Takashi; Kokado, Hiroshi
• Is Part Of: Vaccine. Volume 36:Issue 37(2018)
• Page Start: 5551
• Page End: 5555
• Publication Date: 2018-09-05
• Subjects: Equine -- Rotavirus -- G3P[12] -- G14P[12] -- Inactivated vaccine -- Suckling mouse model; Vaccines -- Periodicals; 615.372
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.057
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0264-410X

Abstract

Highlights: A mouse model was used to evaluate equine rotavirus vaccines. G3 and G14 vaccines were both effective against G3 rotaviruses. G14 vaccine was effective against G14 rotaviruses. At least a G14 rotavirus should be included in a vaccine strain. Abstract: Background: Equine group A rotaviruses (RVAs) cause diarrhea in suckling foals. The dominant RVAs circulating among horses worldwide, including Japan, are G3P[12] and/or G14P[12] genotypes. Inactivated vaccines containing a G3P[12] RVA are commercially available in some countries for prevention of diarrhea caused by equine RVAs. However, there is no reported evidence whether vaccines containing a G3P[12] RVA are effective against G14P[12] RVAs or whether using a G14P[12] RVA results in a more effective vaccine. This study used a suckling mouse model to evaluate the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines containing G3P[12] (G3 vaccine) or G14P[12] (G14 vaccine) RVAs against G3P[12] and G14P[12] RVAs. Methods: Female mice were inoculated twice with G3 or G14 vaccines, and were then mated. After parturition, suckling mice were challenged with one of either two G3P[12] RVAs, two G14P[12] RVAs, or one G13P[18] RVA. After virus inoculation, suckling mice were observed for diarrhea, and the incidence rates of diarrhea in the vaccinated groups were compared with those in the non-vaccinated groups. Results: Following G3P[12] RVA challenge, suckling mice in the G3 and G14 vaccinated groups had significantly lower rates of diarrhea incidence than did those in the non-vaccinated group, and the rates in the G3 vaccinated group tended to be lower than in the G14 vaccinated group. Following G14P[12] RVA challenge, suckling mice in the G14 vaccinated group had significantly lower rates of diarrhea incidence than did those in the non-vaccinated and G3 vaccinated groups. The G3 and G14 vaccines did not reduce the rate when challenged with the G13P[18] RVA. Conclusion: The mouse model showed that the G3 and G14 vaccines were both effective against G3P[12] RVAs, and that the G14 vaccine was effective against G14P[12] RVAs. These results suggest that at least a G14 RVA strain should be included in as a vaccine strain.