Schizotypy and altered hemispheric asymmetries: The role of cilia genes. (30th December 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Schmitz, Judith; Fraenz, Christoph; Schlüter, Caroline; Friedrich, Patrick; Kumsta, Robert; Moser, Dirk; Güntürkün, Onur; Genç, Erhan; Ocklenburg, Sebastian
• Is Part Of: Psychiatry research. Volume 294(2019)
• Publication Date: 2019-12-30
• Subjects: Language lateralization -- Dichotic listening task -- Ciliogenesis -- Nodal pathway -- Epigenetics -- Laterality -- Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging; AHI1 Abelson helper integration site 1 -- AMICO Accelerated Microstructure Imaging via Convex Optimization -- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor -- CA constricted affect (SPQ-G subscale) -- CCKAR cholecystokinin A receptor -- CNS Central nervous system -- COMT catechol-O-methyltransferase -- DCDC2 doublecortin domain containing 2 -- DISC1 DISC1 scaffold protein -- DYX1C1 dyslexia susceptibility 1 candidate 1 -- EB eccentric behavior (SPQ-G subscale) -- EHI Edinburgh handedness inventory -- FDT FMRIB's Diffusion Toolbox -- FL forced-left condition (of the dichotic listening task) -- fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging -- FOXP2 forkhead box P2 -- FR forced-right condition (of the dichotic listening task) -- FSL FMRIB Software Library -- fTCD Functional transcranial Doppler sonography -- GRIN2B glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B -- IMAGE-CpG Iowa Methylation Array Graphing for Experimental Comparison of Peripheral tissue & Gray matter -- INVF intraneurite volume fraction -- IR ideas of reference (SPQ-G subscale) -- LQ laterality quotient -- MT magical thinking (SPQ-G subscale) -- NCF no close friends (SPQ-G subscale) -- NF non-forced condition (of the dichotic listening task) -- NODAL nodal growth differentiation factor -- NODDI Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging -- ODI orientation dispersion index -- OS odd speech (SPQ-G subscale) -- PCM1 pericentriolar material 1 -- PCNT pericentrin -- PCSK6 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 -- PKD polycystic kidney disease -- PLP1 proteolipid protein 1 -- S suspiciousness (SPQ-G subscale) -- SA social anxiety (SPQ-G subscale) -- SPQ-G German version of the Schizotypal personality questionnaire -- TrkB tyrosine kinase receptor B -- TSC1 TSC complex subunit 1 -- UPE unusual perceptual experiences (SPQ-G subscale); Psychiatry -- Periodicals; Brain -- Imaging -- Periodicals; Psychiatry -- Periodicals; Diagnostic Imaging -- Periodicals; Psychiatrie -- Périodiques; Cerveau -- Imagerie pour le diagnostic -- Périodiques; 616.890754
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.110991
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0925-4927

Abstract

Highlights: AHI1 is a gene that has been associated with schizophrenia and body asymmetries. AHI1 DNA methylation predicts schizotypy and language laterality in healthy adults. AH11 DNA methylation predicts microstructural asymmetry in the planum temporale. Our results support a shared molecular basis of schizotypy and laterality. Abstract: Schizophrenia patients have a higher probability of altered structural and functional differences between the left and right hemisphere. Schizotypy as its nonclinical manifestation has been related to a higher incidence of non-right-handedness and atypical right-hemispheric language dominance. It has been suggested that genes involved in cilia function might link brain asymmetry and neurodevelopmental disorders. We assessed DNA methylation in the promoter regions of seven candidate genes involved in cilia function and psychiatric disorders from buccal cells and investigated their association with schizotypy and language lateralization in 60 healthy adults. Moreover, we determined microstructural properties of the planum temporale in a subsample of 52 subjects using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI). We found a significant association between schizotypy and DNA methylation in the AHI1 promoter region. Moreover, AHI1 DNA methylation significantly predicted language lateralization and asymmetry in estimated planum temporale neurite density. Finally, stronger leftward asymmetry in estimated neurite density was associated with a more pronounced right ear advantage (left hemisphere dominance) in the forced-right condition of the dichotic listening task, measuring attentional modulation of language lateralization. Our results are in line with a shared molecular basis of schizotypy and functional hemispheric asymmetries that is based on cilia function.