Impact of the first announced state of emergency owing to coronavirus disease 2019 on stress and blood pressure levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan. Issue 9 (6th May 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ito, Shun; Kobayashi, Kazuo; Chin, Keiichi; Umezawa, Shinichi; Yamamoto, Hareaki; Nakano, Shiro; Takada, Nobukazu; Hatori, Nobuo; Tamura, Kouichi
• Is Part Of: Journal of diabetes investigation. Volume 13:Issue 9(2022)
• Page Start: 1607
• Page End: 1616
• Publication Date: 2022-05-06
• Subjects: Blood pressure -- Coronavirus disease 2019 -- Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes -- Periodicals; Diabetes -- Research -- Periodicals; Diabetes Mellitus -- Periodicals; 616.462005
• DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13813
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2040-1116

Abstract

Abstract: Aims/Introduction: After the first coronavirus disease 2019 state of emergency announcement, there was an increase in stress that might have affected the self‐management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study identified the changes in clinical findings and stress among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and investigated the characteristics of patients who experienced an increase in blood pressure (BP) after the announcement. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, we scrutinized 310 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated by the Sagamihara Physicians Association. After the announcement, 164 and 146 patients showed an increase (ΔBP >0 group) and decrease in BP (ΔBP ≤0 group), respectively. The propensity score matching method was used to compare the differences in clinical findings and stress‐related questionnaire responses between the two groups. Results: After the announcement, 47% of patients experienced an increase in daily stress. Furthermore, 17% and 36% reported worsening dietary intake and a decrease in exercise, respectively. More patients reported that their dietary and salt intake had worsened in the ΔBP >0 group than in the ΔBP ≤0 group (9% vs 20%, P = 0.02, and 3% vs 10%, P = 0.04, respectively). Additionally, both systolic and diastolic BP measured in the office were significantly increased ( P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively); however, systolic BP measured at home significantly decreased ( P = 0.01). The total stress scores were higher in the ΔBP >0 group than in the ΔBP ≤0 group (0.05 ± 2.61 and 0.93 ± 2.70, respectively, P = 0.03). Conclusions: An increase in stress and, particularly, worsening dietary and salt intake were noted among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who experienced an increase in BP after the state of emergency announcement. Abstract : An increase in stress, and especially worsening dietary and salt intakes, were noted among patients with T2DM who experienced an increase in BP following the announcement.