Bisphenols A, F, S and AF trigger apoptosis and/or endoplasmic reticulum stress in human endometrial stromal cells. (August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ferreira, Ricardo; Amaral, Cristina; Correia-da-Silva, Georgina; Almada, Marta; Borges, Margarida; Cunha, Sara Cristina; Fernandes, José Oliveira; Teixeira, Natércia
• Is Part Of: Toxicology. Volume 478(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-08
• Subjects: BPA bisphenol A -- BPF bisphenol F -- BPS bisphenol S -- BPAF bisphenol AF. CCCP, Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone -- DCFH2-DA 2′, 7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate -- DiOC63 3, 3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanineiodide -- DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium -- ER endoplasmic reticulum -- ESC endometrial stromal cells -- LDH lactate dehydrogenase -- MTT tetrazolium salt 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium -- NR Neutral red -- PI Propidium iodide -- PMA phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate -- ROS intracellular reactive oxygen species -- STS staurosporine -- Δ ψm mitochondrial transmembrane potential; Bisphenol -- BPA analogues -- Endocrine disrupting chemicals -- Apoptosis -- Endoplasmic reticulum stress -- Endometrial stromal cells; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Chemicals -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; 615.9005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153282
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0300-483X

Abstract

Abstract: Disruption of non-differentiated endometrial stromal cells could have noxious consequences in female reproduction, impairing endometrial remodelling and implantation. Following the classification of bisphenol A (BPA) as an endocrine disrupting chemical, it started to be gradually withdrawn from the market, being substituted by structural analogues, whose effects in human health are not fully understood. This work used a telomerase-immortalized human endometrial stromal cell line (St-T1b) to study the effects of BPA and its three most commercialized structural analogues (ranked: bisphenols S, F and AF) on endometrial stromal cells to understand their effects on female reproductive function. Bisphenols showed dissimilar effects. All four compounds generated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, bisphenols A, F and AF induced apoptosis through different mechanisms, with bisphenol AF causing cell cycle arrest at G2 /M phase. Bisphenol AF decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential and bisphenols A, F and AF produced oxidative stress. Highlights: Bisphenols A, F and AF induce apoptosis in endometrial stromal cells. Bisphenols A, F, S and AF induce ER-stress in endometrial stromal cells. Bisphenols AF and S were, respectively, the most and least toxic compounds.