Irisin: A promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. (21st August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Qi, Jing-yu; Yang, Liu-kun; Wang, Xin-shang; Wang, Min; Li, Xu-bo; Feng, Ban; Wu, Yu-mei; Zhang, Kun; Liu, Shui-bing
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience. Volume 498(2022)
• Page Start: 289
• Page End: 299
• Publication Date: 2022-08-21
• Subjects: Neurodegenerative diseases -- Irisin -- FNDC5 -- AD -- PD -- Exercise; AD Alzheimer's Disease -- FNDC5 fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 -- PGC1α PPARγcoactivator-1α -- FNIII fibronectin III -- UCP1 uncoupling protein 1 -- CNS central nervous system -- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor -- LTP long-term potentiation -- DG dentate gyrus -- PD Parkinson's disease -- ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- Aβ β-amyloid peptide -- CSF cerebrospinal fluid -- cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate -- AMPK adenosine 5′-monophosphate–activated protein kinase -- MCAO middle cerebral artery occlusion -- TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4 -- BBB blood–brain barrier -- PSD post-stroke depression; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurophysiology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurochimie -- Périodiques; Neurophysiologie -- Périodiques; Neurochemistry; Neurophysiology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.018
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-4522

Abstract

Highlights: Irisin mediates the beneficial effects of exercise on the CNS. Irisin could improve the pathological feature of AD, PD and ALS. Irisin has potential benefits to stroke, mental disorders, epilepsy and pain. Irisin could become a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Abstract: The beneficial effects of exercise on human brain function have been demonstrated in previous studies. Myokines secreted by muscle have attracted increasing attention because of their bridging role between exercise and brain health. Regulated by PPARγ coactivator 1α, fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 releases irisin after proteolytic cleavage. Irisin, a type of myokine, is secreted during exercise, which induces white adipose tissue browning and relates to energy metabolism. Recently, irisin has been shown to exert a protective effect on the central nervous system. Irisin secretion triggers an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus, contributing to the amelioration of cognition impairments. Irisin also plays an important role in the survival, differentiation, growth, and development of neurons. This review summarizes the role of irisin in neurodegenerative diseases and other neurological disorders. As a novel positive mediator of exercise in the brain, irisin may effectively prevent or decelerate the progress of neurodegenerative diseases in models and also improve cognitive functions. We place emphasis herein on the potential of irisin for prevention rather than treatment in neurodegenerative diseases. In ischemic diseases, irisin can alleviate the pathophysiological processes associated with stroke. Meanwhile, irisin has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. The potential therapeutic effects of irisin in epilepsy and pain have been initially revealed. Due to the pleiotropic and beneficial properties of irisin, the possibility of irisin treating other neurological diseases could be gradually explored in the future.