Capability‐coordinated frequency control scheme of a virtual power plant with renewable energy sources. Issue 16 (24th July 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kim, Jinho; Muljadi, Eduard; Gevorgian, Vahan; Mohanpurkar, Manish; Luo, Yusheng; Hovsapian, Rob; Koritarov, Vladimir
• Is Part Of: IET generation, transmission & distribution. Volume 13:Issue 16(2019)
• Page Start: 3642
• Page End: 3648
• Publication Date: 2019-07-24
• Subjects: power grids -- wind power plants -- invertors -- renewable energy sources -- frequency control -- power generation control -- distributed power generation -- pumped‐storage power stations; WPP -- VPP -- AS‐PSH -- adjustable‐speed pumped storage hydropower -- virtual power plant -- primary control loop -- system frequency error -- CCFC dispatches weighted frequency errors -- local frequency control units -- CCFC organises -- hierarchical‐control structure -- CCFC scheme -- energy storage system -- wind power plant -- future power systems -- conventional power plants -- electric power systems -- inverter‐based renewable energy -- renewable energy sources -- capability‐coordinated frequency control scheme -- largest control -- modified frequency error -- partial active power command -- steady‐state error -- frequency nadir; Electric power production -- Periodicals; Electric power transmission -- Periodicals; Electric power distribution -- Periodicals; 621.3105
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.5828
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1751-8687

Abstract

Abstract : Growing trends in the deployment of inverter‐based renewable energy will decrease the inertia and frequency control capability of electric power systems by replacing conventional power plants; thus, the frequency of future power systems might be dynamic. This study proposes a capability‐coordinated frequency control (CCFC) scheme of a virtual power plant (VPP) including adjustable‐speed pumped storage hydropower (AS‐PSH), a wind power plant (WPP), and an energy storage system to support the frequency nadir and reduce the steady‐state error of system frequency. The CCFC scheme is based on a hierarchical‐control structure in which a CCFC organises the output of local frequency control units. To support the frequency nadir, the CCFC dispatches weighted frequency errors that are proportional to the available headroom of the units; thus, the errors are forwarded separately with a system frequency error to the primary control loop of each unit and thereby arrest the frequency nadir at a higher value than a system without the CCFC. To reduce the steady‐state error of the system frequency, the CCFC determines a partial active power command by additionally feeding an integrator of the CCFC with a modified frequency error that depends on the unit with the largest control.