Nitrogen pulses increase fungal pathogens in Amazonian lowland tropical rain forests. (18th May 2022)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Nitrogen pulses increase fungal pathogens in Amazonian lowland tropical rain forests. (18th May 2022)
- Main Title:
- Nitrogen pulses increase fungal pathogens in Amazonian lowland tropical rain forests
- Authors:
- Buscardo, Erika
Geml, József
Schmidt, Steven K.
Freitas, Helena
Souza, Anete P.
Cunha, Hillândia B.
Nagy, Laszlo - Abstract:
- Abstract: Animals represent an overlooked source of horizontal redistribution of primary production and concentration of elements in ecosystems. For example, the high nutrient concentration of excretions by animals creates a mosaic of short‐term nutrient hotspots. However, how this impacts soil microbial communities, especially fungi, and in turn plant species diversity remains little known. This study quantified the temporal dynamics of soil mineral nitrogen (N) availability and its relationship with soil fungal community and functional group composition in simulated high‐N patches in an Amazonian rain forest. We hypothesised that (H1) changes in local resource dynamics would increase the abundance of pathotrophs and reduce that of saprotrophs and that, (H2) compared with previously reported bacterial community dynamics, fungi would be more resilient after a pulse disturbance event. A single urea pulse was applied and the relationship between fungal community composition and functional groups and soil N availability were determined before and twice after the urea treatment. An increase in mineral N availability and soil pH two months after the applied urea pulse was found to be associated with significant changes in fungal community composition and the abundance of functional groups. There was a notable decrease in the relative abundance of saprotrophs, accompanied by an increase in plant pathogenic fungi. Five months after the treatment, no differences were detected eitherAbstract: Animals represent an overlooked source of horizontal redistribution of primary production and concentration of elements in ecosystems. For example, the high nutrient concentration of excretions by animals creates a mosaic of short‐term nutrient hotspots. However, how this impacts soil microbial communities, especially fungi, and in turn plant species diversity remains little known. This study quantified the temporal dynamics of soil mineral nitrogen (N) availability and its relationship with soil fungal community and functional group composition in simulated high‐N patches in an Amazonian rain forest. We hypothesised that (H1) changes in local resource dynamics would increase the abundance of pathotrophs and reduce that of saprotrophs and that, (H2) compared with previously reported bacterial community dynamics, fungi would be more resilient after a pulse disturbance event. A single urea pulse was applied and the relationship between fungal community composition and functional groups and soil N availability were determined before and twice after the urea treatment. An increase in mineral N availability and soil pH two months after the applied urea pulse was found to be associated with significant changes in fungal community composition and the abundance of functional groups. There was a notable decrease in the relative abundance of saprotrophs, accompanied by an increase in plant pathogenic fungi. Five months after the treatment, no differences were detected either in mineral N availability and soil pH or the composition of fungal communities and functional groups between the control and urea treatment. Synthesis . By locally favouring the abundance of plant pathogens, temporally short‐lived, but frequent high‐N patches created by animal excretions could potentially be involved in maintaining spatially and temporally variable soil microbial diversity and thus contributing to high plant community diversity in tropical rain forests as predicted by the Janzen–Connell hypothesis. The tendency of soil fungal communities in this study to return to their initial composition after 5 months suggests that they are resilient to perturbation by N pulse, and more so than previously observed in bacterial communities. Abstract : Excretions of high nutrient concentration by animals create a mosaic of frequent but short‐lived nutrient hot spots in tropical forests. These hot spots impact soil microbiome and biogeochemical cycles. Nitrogen pulses by simulated animal urine in a tropical lowland rain forest in Amazonia were found to decrease the abundance of fungal saprotrophs (S), and favour a temporal increase in the abundance of plant pathogenic fungi (P). The increase in pathogens could potentially be involved in maintaining spatially and temporally variable soil microbial diversity and thus contributing to high plant community diversity in tropical rain forests, as predicted by urea pulse the Janzen‐Connell hypothesis. Resumo: Mamíferos contribuem para a redistribuição horizontal da produção primária nos ecossistemas e para a concentração de alguns elementos localmente. Por exemplo, a alta concentração de nutrientes em excreções cria hot‐spots transitórios. No entanto, são ainda pouco conhecidos os impactos destes hot‐spots na estrutura de comunidades dos fungos do solo e, por sua vez, na diversidade de espécies vegetais. Quantificou‐se a dinâmica temporal da disponibilidade de nitrogênio (N) mineral do solo e sua relação com a composição de comunidades e os grupos funcionais dos fungos do solo, com foco nos saprófitos e patógenos em parcelas experimentais após a adição de ureia, simulando entradas de N por meio da urina de mamíferos em uma floresta tropical amazônica. (H1) mudanças na dinâmica dos recursos locais que aumentariam a abundância de fungos patogênicos e reduziriam a de saprófitos e que, (H2) em comparação com a dinâmica de comunidades bacterianas descritas anteriormente, os fungos seriam mais resistentes após um evento de perturbação do tipo pulso que o experimento representou. Uma única dose de ureia foi aplicada e a relação entre a composição de comunidades fúngicas e grupos tróficos, e a disponibilidade de N mineral no solo foram determinadas, antes, e duas vezes após o tratamento com ureia. Dois meses após a aplicação da ureia, houve um aumento na disponibilidade de N mineral e do pH do solo, acompanhado com mudanças significativas na composição da comunidade fúngica e na abundância de grupos funcionais. Houve uma diminuição significativa na abundância relativa de saprófitos e um aumento de fungos patogênicos de plantas. Cinco meses após o tratamento, não foram detectadas diferenças na disponibilidade de N mineral e no pH do solo, ou na composição de comunidades fúngicas e grupos funcionais entre o controle e o tratamento com ureia. Síntese. Ao favorecer localmente a abundância de fungos patogênicos de plantas, hot‐spots transitórios de N, que ocorrem com alta frequência após a deposição de urina por mamíferos, contribuem para a manutenção de diversidade microbiana do solo. Adicionalmente, a presença de fungos patogênicos pode contribuir para a alta diversidade de comunidades vegetais em florestas tropicais, como previsto pela hipótese Janzen‐Connell. A tendência das comunidades fúngicas do solo de retornar à sua composição inicial após 5 meses sugere que elas são mais resilientes à perturbação pelo pulso de N do que anteriormente observado em comunidades bacterianas. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of ecology. Volume 110:Number 8(2022)
- Journal:
- Journal of ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 110:Number 8(2022)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 110, Issue 8 (2022)
- Year:
- 2022
- Volume:
- 110
- Issue:
- 8
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2022-0110-0008-0000
- Page Start:
- 1775
- Page End:
- 1789
- Publication Date:
- 2022-05-18
- Subjects:
- Amazonia -- functional groups -- Janzen–Connell hypothesis -- pathogens -- soil fungal communities -- tropical rain forest -- urea‐N addition
Plant ecology -- Periodicals
577.05 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2745 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2745.13904 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0022-0477
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 4972.000000
British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 22996.xml