Sarcopenia in chronic liver diseases: a translational overview. (3rd May 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Barbero-Becerra, Varenka J.; López-Méndez, Iván; Romo-Araiza, Alejandra; Visag-Castillo, Víctor; Chávez-Tapia, Norberto C; Uribe, Misael; Juárez-Hernandez, Eva
• Is Part Of: Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology. Volume 14:Number 5(2020)
• Page Start: 355
• Page End: 366
• Publication Date: 2020-05-03
• Subjects: Skeletal muscle -- liver disease -- proteins -- body composition; Gastroenterology -- Periodicals; Liver -- Diseases -- Periodicals; 616.3
• DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1757427
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1747-4124

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Sarcopenia refers to a progressive and generalized muscle mass and strength loss. In liver diseases, it has been related to worse outcomes and high risk of decompensations. Areas covered: Sarcopenia is caused by a set of cellular processes in the muscle such as denervation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endotoxemia and inflammation; which are manifested through the alteration of several proteolytic pathways such as lysosomal, proteasomal and caspase systems. In autophagy, myostatin and oxidative stress; such as hyperammonemia, contributes importantly to liver sarcopenia through loss of muscle mass already demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, hormones and the regulation of the intestinal microbiota, influence in a not less important magnitude. In the clinical setting, early identification of sarcopenia has been established as a mandatory item to prevent progression of muscle mass loss; however, diagnostic methods have extreme variation according to methodology, population, etiology and severity of liver disease. Reversing sarcopenia should be an integral therapeutic strategy. Expert opinion: Clinical and nutritional interventions should be adapted to liver injury etiology and stage of disease, each of them shares a similar sarcopenia development pathway. There are specific biomarkers that condition or exacerbate loss of skeletal muscle.