The microbiome modulating activity of bile acids. (3rd July 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Tian, Yuan; Gui, Wei; Koo, Imhoi; Smith, Philip B.; Allman, Erik L.; Nichols, Robert G.; Rimal, Bipin; Cai, Jingwei; Liu, Qing; Patterson, Andrew D.
• Is Part Of: Gut microbes. Volume 11:Isuse 4(2020)
• Page Start: 979
• Page End: 996
• Publication Date: 2020-07-03
• Subjects: Bile acid -- gut bacteria -- metabolomics -- nmr -- mass spectrometry -- flow cytometry -- growth rate measurements -- bile acid resistance; Gastrointestinal system -- Microbiology -- Periodicals; Microbiology -- Periodicals; Intestine, Small -- Periodicals; 616.3
• DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1732268
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1949-0984

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Bile acids are potent antibacterial compounds and play an important role in shaping the microbial ecology of the gut. Here, we combined flow cytometry, growth rate measurements (OD600 ), and NMR- and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to systematically profile the impact of bile acids on the microbiome using in vitro and in vivo models. This study confirmed that (1) unconjugated bile acids possess more potent antibacterial activity than conjugated bile acids; (2) Gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive to bile acids than Gram-negative bacteria; (3) some probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and 7α-dehydroxylating bacteria such as Clostridium scindens show bile acid resistance that is associated with activation of glycolysis. Moreover, we demonstrated that (4) as one of most hydrophobic bile acids, lithocholic acid (LCA) shows reduced toxicity to bacteria in the cecal microbiome in both in vivo and in vitro models; (5) bile acids directly and rapidly affect bacterial global metabolism including membrane damage, disrupted amino acid, nucleotide, and carbohydrate metabolism; and (6) in vivo, short-term exposure to bile acids significantly affected host metabolism via alterations of the bacterial community structure. This study systematically profiled interactions between bile acids and gut bacteria providing validation of previous observation and new insights into the interaction of bile acids with the microbiome and mechanisms related to bile acid tolerance.