Well-orchestrated physico-chemical and biological factors for enhanced secretion of osteogenic and angiogenic extracellular vesicles by mesenchymal stem cells in a 3D culture format. (11th July 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Holkar, Ketki; Kale, Vaijayanti; Ingavle, Ganesh
• Is Part Of: Biomaterials science. Volume 10:Number 16(2022)
• Page Start: 4458
• Page End: 4473
• Publication Date: 2022-07-11
• Subjects: Biomedical materials -- Periodicals; 610.28
• DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00750a
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2047-4830

Abstract

Abstract : Unlike the 2D culture, 3D culture is better known for simulating in vivo cellular behaviour through orchestrating interactions between cells and their surrounding microenvironments, resulting in enhanced extracellular vesicles (EVs) prodcution. Abstract : The secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is being studied for its regenerative potential for the treatment of various disorders, including bone diseases. However, mimicking the physiological parameters of native bone could further improve MSCs' secretory profile. The proteomic analysis revealed that MSCs have a diverse secretory profile depending on the cell formats used to grow them, such as two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments. Stem cells are given biochemical and biophysical stimuli in a 3D milieu that mimics in vivo situations. Compared to the gold standard monolayer culture, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released under 3D conditions improved the EV cargo numerically and qualitatively. The higher requirements of EVs in clinical trials with consistent therapeutic potential are challenging. This review discusses the impact of cell culture formats on the regenerative potential of MSCs, specifically in bone regeneration. The poor yield and heterogeneity issues have hampered the therapeutic usage of EVs. Therefore, this review further explores various engineering approaches that could enhance EVs' scalability from MSCs and their therapeutic effectiveness beyond their native utility in bone tissue regeneration. This review also highlights some of the upcoming 3D approaches/models that might be useful for the enhanced secretion of therapeutic EVs from stem cells. Finally, we discuss possible future directions and conclusions in this domain.