Job-Related Programs for People on Supervision: Reframing the Problem. Issue 1 (May 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bushway, Shawn
• Other Names: Harding David J. guest-editor.; Western Bruce guest-editor.; Sandelson Jasmin A. guest-editor.
• Is Part Of: Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Volume 701:Issue 1(2022)
• Page Start: 98
• Page End: 113
• Publication Date: 2022-05
• Subjects: desistance -- job training -- identity -- parole -- probation -- community supervision -- employment -- signaling; Social sciences -- Periodicals; Social sciences -- United States -- Periodicals; Political science -- Periodicals; United States -- Politics and government -- Periodicals; 300
• DOI: 10.1177/00027162221115501
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0002-7162

Abstract

Job training programs for people under supervision have been based on an economic framework that identifies individuals involved in crime as a disadvantaged group with poor human capital. The best available research evidence has not found that these programs consistently improve employment outcomes. This article reviews the evidence for the effectiveness of standard job training programs and then examines new developments in the field that use alternative frameworks for understanding the roles of such programs. The first alternative is signaling: how people under community supervision use the completion of job training to signal to employers and others that the behavior that led to their conviction is either anomalous or no longer representative of them. The second alternative is a model of desistance known as identity change: the ways in which job training can help individuals solidify a new, more prosocial identity. I make sense of extant work and new alternatives and provide a set of recommendations for change in the community supervision system.