Hidden Multivalency in Phosphatase Recruitment by a Disordered AKAP Scaffold. Issue 16 (30th August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Watson, Matthew; Almeida, Teresa B.; Ray, Arundhati; Hanack, Christina; Elston, Rory; Btesh, Joan; McNaughton, Peter A.; Stott, Katherine
• Is Part Of: Journal of molecular biology. Volume 434:Issue 16(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-08-30
• Subjects: intrinsically disordered protein -- A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) -- Calcineurin -- short linear motif (SLiM) -- multivalency; Molecular biology -- Periodicals; Biology -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Bacteriology -- Periodicals; Molecular Biology -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Biologie moléculaire -- Périodiques; Biologie -- Périodiques; Biochimie -- Périodiques; Moleculaire biologie; Biochemistry; Biology; Molecular biology; Periodicals; 572.805
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167682
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-2836

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: AKAP5 is an IDP with a well-characterised PxIxIT SLiM that anchors Calcineurin. We show Calcineurin recognises several lower-affinity SLiMs in addition to PxIxIT. The additional SLiMs compete directly with PxIxIT for the same site on Calcineurin. The SLiMs increase the affinity and capacity of the scaffold, and alter kinetics. Weak sequestering of Calcineurin could facilitate rapid downstream signalling. Abstract: Disordered scaffold proteins provide multivalent landing pads that, via a series of embedded Short Linear Motifs (SLiMs), bring together the components of a complex to orchestrate precise spatial and temporal regulation of cellular processes. One such protein is AKAP5 (previously AKAP79), which contains SLiMs that anchor PKA and Calcineurin, and recruit substrate (the TRPV1 receptor). Calcineurin is anchored to AKAP5 by a well-characterised PxIxIT SLiM. Here we show, using a combination of biochemical and biophysical approaches, that the Calcineurin PxIxIT-binding groove also recognises several hitherto unknown lower-affinity SLiMs in addition to the PxIxIT motif. We demonstrate that the assembly is in reality a complex system with conserved SLiMs spanning a wide affinity range. The capture is analogous to that seen for many DNA-binding proteins that have a weak non-specific affinity for DNA outside the canonical binding site, but different in that it involves (i) two proteins, and (ii) hydrophobic rather than electrostatic interactions. It is also compatible with the requirement for both stable anchoring of the enzyme and responsive downstream signalling. We conclude that the AKAP5 C-terminus is enriched in lower-affinity/mini-SLiMs that, together with the canonical SLiM, maintain a structurally disordered but tightly regulated signalosome.