Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and CXC3L1 evaluation as biomarkers for patients at high-risk for coeliac disease in Johannesburg, South Africa. (September 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gandini, Anastasia; De Maayer, Tim; Munien, Cameron; Bertrand, Katherine; Cairns, Ross; Mayne, Anthony; Gededzha, Maemu P.; Mayne, Elizabeth S.
• Is Part Of: Cytokine. Volume 157(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-09
• Subjects: Coeliac disease -- I-FABP -- CX3CL1 -- Type 1 Diabetes -- South Africa; CD Coeliac disease -- HLA Human Leukocyte Antigen -- TID type 1 diabetes -- tTG tissue transglutaminase -- RCD refractory coeliac disease -- GFD gluten-free diet -- I-FABP intestinal fatty acid binding protein -- GIT gastrointestinal tract -- GCD gluten-containing diet; Cytokines -- Periodicals; 571.844
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155945
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1043-4666

Abstract

Highlights: CD has accurate serological testing, but ancillary testing would be beneficial. I-FABP and CX3CL1 are two promising biomarkers for CD. I-FABP and CX3CL1 require investigations in high-risk individuals, such as T1D. I-FABP is more promising as a CD biomarker in patients with autoimmune comorbidities. Future research should focus on a diverse biomarker panel and longitudinal follow-up. Abstract: Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder and one of the few gastroenteropathies with accurate serological testing. CD serology has decreased accuracy for patients on a gluten-free diet and for monitoring mucosal healing. New ancillary tests would, therefore, be useful. Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP) and CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) are two promising biomarkers for CD but haven't been examined in patients who are at a high-risk for CD such as patients with type one diabetes (TID). This study, therefore, aimed to investigate serum levels of I-FABP and CX3CL1 in a cohort of South African patients with TID at a high-risk of developing CD. The serum I-FABP levels were significantly higher in CD-positive patients compared to CD-negative individuals (p = 0.03). No significant differences in the serum CX3CL1 levels were detected although this may reflect the impact of the comorbid autoimmune diseases had on the serum CX3CL1 levels. In conclusion, this study is the first to assess the levels of these biomarkers in a multiethnic population with comorbid autoimmune disease and determined I-FABP to be the more promising biomarker in such clinical contexts. Future research should focus on a diverse biomarker panel and longitudinal follow-up of patients at a high-risk for CD.