Cell therapy for type 1 diabetes. (2nd August 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Loretelli, Cristian; Assi, Emma; Seelam, Andy Joe; Ben Nasr, Moufida; Fiorina, Paolo
• Is Part Of: Expert opinion on biological therapy. Volume 20:Number 8(2020)
• Page Start: 887
• Page End: 897
• Publication Date: 2020-08-02
• Subjects: Cell therapy -- T1D -- Treg therapy -- HSC therapy -- tolerogenic dendritic cells -- immunotherapy -- β-cell replacement -- ESC-derived β-cells -- iPSC-derived β-cells; Gene therapy -- Periodicals; Protein drugs -- Periodicals; Peptide drugs -- Periodicals; Immunotherapy -- Periodicals; Drug delivery systems -- Periodicals; 615.5
• DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1748596
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1471-2598

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a lifelong condition resulting from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. Islet or whole-pancreas transplantation is limited by the shortage of donors and need for chronic immune suppression. Novel strategies are needed to prevent β-cell loss and to rescue production of endogenous insulin. Areas covered: This review covers the latest advances in cell-based therapies for the treatment and prevention of T1D. Topics include adoptive transfer of cells with increased immunoregulatory potential for β-cell protection, and β-cell replacement strategies such as generation of insulin-producing β-like cells from unlimited sources. Expert opinion: Cell therapy provides an opportunity to prevent or reverse T1D. Adoptive transfer of autologous cells having enhanced immunomodulatory properties can suppress autoimmunity and preserve β-cells. Such therapies have been made possible by a combination of genome-editing techniques and transplantation of tolerogenic cells. In-vitro modified autologous hematopoietic stem cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells may protect endogenous and newly generated β-cells from a patient's autoimmune response without hampering immune surveillance for infectious agents and malignant cellular transformations. However, methods to generate cells that meet quality and safety standards for clinical applications require further refinement.