Major heritable renal cell carcinoma syndromes: novel treatment options and future perspectives. Issue 5 (18th September 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Naidoo, Vishen; Perera, Marlon; Adam, Ahmed
• Is Part Of: Current opinion in urology. Volume 32:Issue 5(2022)
• Page Start: 488
• Page End: 494
• Publication Date: 2022-09-18
• Subjects: hereditary disease -- major heritable renal cell carcinoma syndromes -- renal cell carcinoma -- review; Urology -- Periodicals; Review Literature -- Bibliography; Review Literature -- Periodicals; Male Urogenital Diseases -- Bibliography; Male Urogenital Diseases -- Periodicals; Female Urogenital Diseases -- Bibliography; Female Urogenital Diseases -- Periodicals; Urologic Diseases -- Bibliography; Urologic Diseases -- Periodicals; Periodicals; 616.6005
• DOI: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000001030
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1473-6586

Abstract

Abstract : Purpose of review: To provide an overview of diagnosis, genetic abnormalities, clinical signs and treatment options for the major heritable renal cell carcinoma (RCC) syndromes. Recent findings: RCC in major hereditary syndromes are disorders which are typically autosomal dominant. They predispose patients to early onset of RCC and may exhibit other extrarenal manifestations. Early recognition of these diseases allows correct screening at appropriate ages as well as early detection of RCC. Moreover, expedient identification may optimize the management of extra renal manifestations as well as allow for genetic testing and screening of at-risk relatives. Summary: The risk of RCC in these major heritable syndromes is higher than sporadic disease. They occur at earlier age groups and can be multifocal or bilateral. Tumours are observed until at least 3 cm before any intervention, while nephron sparing surgery is widely considered as the treatment of choice except for hereditary leiomyomatosis with renal cell cancer, of which radical nephrectomy is treatment of choice. Intervention should be timeous as there is a highly reported incidence of early metastasis. Molecular therapies have been used in the setting of patients with metastasis, some of which show favourable outcomes.