A description logic framework for commonsense conceptual combination integrating typicality, probabilities and cognitive heuristics. Issue 5 (2nd September 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lieto, Antonio; Pozzato, Gian Luca
• Is Part Of: Journal of experimental & theoretical artificial intelligence. Volume 32:Issue 5(2020)
• Page Start: 769
• Page End: 804
• Publication Date: 2020-09-02
• Subjects: Nonmonotonic reasoning -- description logics -- common-sense reasoning -- cognitive modelling; Artificial intelligence -- Periodicals; 006.3
• DOI: 10.1080/0952813X.2019.1672799
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0952-813X

Abstract

ABSTRACT: We propose a nonmonotonic Description Logic of typicality able to account for the phenomenon of the combination of prototypical concepts. The proposed logic relies on the logic of typicality A L C + T R, whose semantics is based on the notion of rational closure, as well as on the distributed semantics of probabilistic Description Logics, and is equipped with a cognitive heuristic used by humans for concept composition. We first extend the logic of typicality A L C + T R by typicality inclusions of the form p :: T ( C ) ⊑ D, whose intuitive meaning is that 'we believe with degree p about the fact that typical C s are D s'. As in the distributed semantics, we define different scenarios containing only some typicality inclusions, each one having a suitable probability. We then exploit such scenarios in order to ascribe typical properties to a concept C obtained as the combination of two prototypical concepts. We also show that reasoning in the proposed Description Logic is ExpTime -complete as for the underlying standard Description Logic A L C .