Characterization of a spontaneous cyst-forming strain of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from Tokachi subprefecture in Japan. (February 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Salman, Doaa; Mahmoud, Motamed E.; Pumidonming, Wilawan; Mairamkul, Tolubaeva; Oohashi, Eiji; Igarashi, Makoto
• Is Part Of: Parasitology international. Volume 80(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-02
• Subjects: Toxoplasma gondii -- Genotype -- Cyst-forming strain -- Macrophage; Parasitology -- Periodicals; Parasites -- Periodicals; Parasitic Diseases -- Periodicals; Parasitology -- Periodicals; Parasitologie -- Périodiques; 571.99905
• DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102199
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1383-5769

Abstract

Abstract: Apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii has three distinct clonal lineages: high, medium and low virulent strains, type I, II and III, respectively. T. gondii avoids the immune response by transforming from fast multiplying tachyzoite to slow multiplying bradyzoite, and establishing a chronic infection. In the present study, we isolated a new strain of T. gondii from cat feces in the Tokachi subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan and named it as TgCatJpObi1 (Obi1) strain. Genotyping analysis of 12 loci revealed atypical characters close to type II, genotype 4 according to ToxoDB classification. Phenotypically, Obi1 strain shows slow growth rate and the ability of spontaneous cyst formation in both human foreskin fibroblast (HFFs) and mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro without bradyzoite induction. Parasite virulence was assessed by means of mouse survival upon infection with either Obi1 or ME49 strains. Obi1 strain displayed no mortalities in comparison to type II clonal lineage, ME49 at LD50 to LD100 range (1 × 10 3 –10 6 tachyzoites). Although virulence of Obi1 strain is significantly lower than that of ME49, nucleotide sequences analyses revealed that genes of virulence factors such as Gra15, Rop5, 16, 17, and 18 in Obi1 strain were 100% identical to those in the type II strain. Thus, characterization of a newly isolated strain, Obi1, is crucial to clarify the development of toxoplasmosis in both humans and animals. Graphical abstract: Unlabelled Image Highlights: Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) has three virulent lineages named type I, II, and III. T. gondii tachyzoites avoids the immune system by switching to bradyzoite form. A spontaneous cyst-forming strain was isolated from Tokachi sub-prefecture, Japan. Isolated parasite, Obi1 strain is atypical and close to type II, genotype 4 of T. gondii. Obi1 has a low virulent phenotype when compared to ME49 strain of T. gondii.