Inactivation of human norovirus by chlorous acid water, a novel chlorine-based disinfectant. Issue 1 (January 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Goda, Hisataka; Nakayama-Imaohji, Haruyuki; Yamaoka, Hitoshi; Tada, Ayano; Nagao, Tamiko; Fujisawa, Tomohiko; Koyama, A. Hajime; Kuwahara, Tomomi
• Is Part Of: Journal of infection and chemotherapy. Volume 28:Issue 1(2022)
• Page Start: 67
• Page End: 72
• Publication Date: 2022-01
• Subjects: Chlorous acid water -- Human norovirus -- Disinfection -- Organic substances -- qPCR; HuNoV human norovirus -- CA chlorous acid water -- CDC Center for Disease Control and Prevention -- NaClO sodium hypochlorite -- OTC over-the-counter -- FCV feline calicivirus -- MNV murine norovirus -- RT-qPCR reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction -- BSA bovine serum albumin -- SRBC sheep red blood cells -- TMB 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine; Chemotherapy -- Periodicals; Infection -- Periodicals; Communicable diseases -- Chemotherapy -- Periodicals; 615.5805
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.10.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1341-321X

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a leading cause of infectious gastroenteritis. Since HuNoV shows resistance to alcohol, chlorine-based sanitizers are applied to decontaminate the virus on environmental surfaces. Chlorous acid water (CA) has been recently approved as a novel chlorine-based disinfectant categorized as a Type 2 OTC medicine in Japan. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the capability of CA to inactivate HuNoV. Methods: HuNoV (genogroups GII.2 and GII.4) was exposed to the test disinfectants including CA and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and the residual RNA copy was measured by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) after pretreatment with RNase. In addition, the log10 reduction of HuNoV RNA copy number by CA and NaClO was compared in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), sheep red blood cells (SRBC), polypeptone, meat extract or amino acids to evaluate the stability of these disinfectants under organic-matter-rich conditions. Results: In the absence of organic substances, CA with 200 ppm free available chlorine provided >3.0 log10 reduction in the HuNoV RNA copy number within 5 min. Even under high organic matter load (0.3% each of BSA and SRBC or 0.5% polypeptone), 200 ppm CA achieved >3.0 log10 reduction in HuNoV RNA copy number while less than 1.0 log10 reduction was observed with 1, 000 ppm sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) in the presence of 0.5% polypeptone. CA reacted with only cysteine, histidine and glutathione while NaClO reacted with all of the amino acids tested. Conclusions: CA is an effective disinfectant to inactivate HuNoV under organic-matter-rich conditions.