A comprehensive review on synthesis, chemical kinetics, and practical application of ammonia as future fuel for combustion. (December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Berwal, Pragya; Kumar, Sudarshan; Khandelwal, Bhupendra
• Is Part Of: Journal of the Energy Institute. Volume 99(2021)
• Page Start: 273
• Page End: 298
• Publication Date: 2021-12
• Subjects: Ammonia -- Laminar burning velocity -- I C Engines -- Ammonia synthesis -- NOx emissions; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Periodicals; Fuel -- Periodicals; 621.04205
• DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2021.10.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1743-9671

Abstract

Abstract: Recently, ammonia has been explored as a potential fuel for internal combustion engines, gas turbines and other industrial purposes. Ammonia consists of 17.6% by weight of hydrogen and is thus considered a carbon-free emission fuel. The synthesis of ammonia for bulk production takes place using the Haber-Bosch process. The production, storage and transportation of ammonia is relatively safe. This paper reports various aspects of ammonia as an alternative fuel for combustors. Several studies reporting the laminar burning velocity of ammonia and its blends are discussed. Recent advances in the development of chemical kinetics for ammonia combustion are presented. The paper explores all experimental and numerical works on ammonia as a fuel for I C engines, gas turbines and other combustion systems.This review further suggests ways to overcome the disadvantages associated with ammonia combustion, such as lower burning velocities and high NOx emissions. Highlights: A comprehensive study on the ammonia-fuelled combustion systems are carried out. Different ammonia methods are compared and analyzed. Breakthrough studies of the ammonia combustion are qualitatively, quantitatively discussed. Discussions around methods to reduce NOx emissions from ammonia combustion. Fundamentals of ammonia combustion have been critically analyzed and presented.