Impaired recollection-based episodic memory as a cognitive endophenotype in schizophrenia. Issue 8 (13th September 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Abhishek, Priyadarshee; Nizamie, S Haque; Jahan, Masroor; Kumar, Devvarta; Goyal, Nishant; Pachori, Hariom; Katshu, Mohammad Zia Ul Haq
• Is Part Of: Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology. Volume 42:Issue 8(2020)
• Page Start: 759
• Page End: 770
• Publication Date: 2020-09-13
• Subjects: Endophenotype -- episodic memory -- familiarity -- recollection -- schizophrenia; Neuropsychology -- Periodicals; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Neurosciences -- Periodicals; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Societies, Medical -- Periodicals; 616.89
• DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2020.1801598
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1380-3395

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Patients with schizophrenia show impaired recollection but largely preserved familiarity-based episodic memory. This study was done to clarify the endophenotypic nature of recollection and familiarity-based episodic memory in schizophrenia and the role of emotional valence of memoranda and degree of recall confidence in it. Method: Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia, one unaffected sibling of each patient, and twenty-three healthy controls completed two tasks assessing recollection and familiarity-based processes in episodic memory. In the first task, participants were asked to remember positive, negative, and neutral emotional valence words in a remember–know paradigm. In the second task, in addition to recollection and familiarity-based responses, participants were asked to make confidence judgments about their responses. Results: Patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives (FDRs) performed poorly on recollection but not familiarity-based responses, compared to healthy controls; performance of first-degree relatives was in between and significantly different from that of both patients and controls. The differences in recollection and familiarity-based responses across the three groups were not moderated by recall confidence judgments or emotional valence of memoranda. Furthermore, there was no correlation between recollection-based memory impairments and duration or severity of illness or current medication exposure. Conclusions: Impaired recollection-based memory constitutes a potential cognitive endophenotype in schizophrenia. Furthermore, selective impairment of recollection-based, but sparing of familiarity-based, memory in patients and their FDRs supports the distinct nature of recollection and familiarity-based episodic memories.